How to format your references using the BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rejmánek M. Ecology: Global trends in plant naturalization. Nature. 2015;525:39–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Carmeliet P, Tessier-Lavigne M. Common mechanisms of nerve and blood vessel wiring. Nature. 2005;436:193–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schaller MF, Wright JD, Kent DV. Atmospheric PCO₂ perturbations associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Science. 2011;331:1404–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Karpova NN, Pickenhagen A, Lindholm J, Tiraboschi E, Kulesskaya N, Agústsdóttir A, et al. Fear erasure in mice requires synergy between antidepressant drugs and extinction training. Science. 2011;334:1731–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Alsop A. Continuing Professional Development in Health and Social Care. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Giardi MT, Rea G, Berra B, editors. Bio-Farms for Nutraceuticals: Functional Food and Safety Control by Biosensors. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Shimizu N, Tatematsu M, Kaminishi M. Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Carcinoma. In: Kaminishi M, Takubo K, Mafune K-I, editors. The Diversity of Gastric Carcinoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Tokyo: Springer; 2005. p. 75–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Cold Climates Encourage Promiscuity. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cold-climates-encourage-promiscuity/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Balancing Flexibility and Accountability: Grant Program Design in Education and Other Areas. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Stephens BS. Understanding CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Activation by CXC Chemokine Ligand 12. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. These Political Button Men Are Relic Makers Now. New York Times. 2000;:144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
Abbreviation	BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol.
ISSN (online)	2050-6511
Scope

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