How to format your references using the Brain and Language citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Brain and Language. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Howell, P. (2011). Listen to the lessons of The King’s Speech. Nature, 470(7332), 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kundu, P., & Pettersson, S. (2014). Immunology: Mammalian watchdog targets bacteria. Nature, 512(7515), 377–378.

A journal article with 3 authors

Antonovics, J., Hood, M. E., & Baker, C. H. (2006). Molecular virology: was the 1918 flu avian in origin? Nature, 440(7088), E9; discussion E9-10.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hasegawa, H., Fujimoto, M., Phan, T.-D., Rème, H., Balogh, A., Dunlop, M. W., Hashimoto, C., & Tandokoro, R. (2004). Transport of solar wind into Earth’s magnetosphere through rolled-up Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices. Nature, 430(7001), 755–758.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hens, H. (2012). Applied Building Physics. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.

An edited book

Krawczyk, H. (Ed.). (2014). Public-Key Cryptography – PKC 2014: 17th International Conference on Practice and Theory in Public-Key Cryptography, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 26-28, 2014. Proceedings (Vol. 8383). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Gyurkó, L. G., & Lyons, T. J. (2011). Efficient and Practical Implementations of Cubature on Wiener Space. In D. Crisan (Ed.), Stochastic Analysis 2010 (pp. 73–111). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Brain and Language.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013, October 26). The Bionic Man is No Longer Science Fiction. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/bionic-man-no-longer-science-fiction/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). New L.A. Federal Courthouse: Evidence Is Insufficient To Suggest That Congress Reconsider Its Approval (GGD-88-43BR). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Genc, A. (2008). Phase Stability in Metallic Multilayers [Doctoral dissertation]. Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kwai, I. (2017, July 18). Citizenship Costs Senator In Australia Her Position. New York Times, A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Howell, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Howell, 2011; Kundu & Pettersson, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kundu & Pettersson, 2014)
Three authors: (Antonovics et al., 2006)
6 or more authors: (Hasegawa et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Brain and Language
Abbreviation	Brain Lang.
ISSN (print)	0093-934X
Scope	Language and Linguistics Cognitive Neuroscience Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Linguistics and Language Speech and Hearing