How to format your references using the Brain and Language citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Brain and Language. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benabid, A. L. (2015). Neuroscience: spotlight on deep-brain stimulation. Nature, 519(7543), 299–300.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cohen, J., & Stewart, I. (2001). Where are the dolphins? Nature, 409(6823), 1119–1122.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tripathi, M. K., Sahu, K. C., & Govindarajan, R. (2014). Why a falling drop does not in general behave like a rising bubble. Scientific Reports, 4, 4771.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Demers-Carpentier, V., Goubert, G., Masini, F., Lafleur-Lambert, R., Dong, Y., Lavoie, S., Mahieu, G., Boukouvalas, J., Gao, H., Rasmussen, A. M. H., Ferrighi, L., Pan, Y., Hammer, B., & McBreen, P. H. (2011). Direct observation of molecular preorganization for chirality transfer on a catalyst surface. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6057), 776–780.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yao, Y., & Liu, S. (2014). Ultrasonic Technology for Desiccant Regeneration. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Huang, D.-S., Bevilacqua, V., & Premaratne, P. (Eds.). (2014). Intelligent Computing Theory: 10th International Conference, ICIC 2014, Taiyuan, China, August 3-6, 2014. Proceedings (Vol. 8588). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Dye, H. A., Kauffman, L. H., & Manturov, V. O. (2011). On Two Categorifications of the Arrow Polynomial for Virtual Knots. In M. Banagl & D. Vogel (Eds.), The Mathematics of Knots: Theory and Application (pp. 95–124). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Brain and Language.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, March 25). The Gulf Stream Is Weakening, Bad News For The North Atlantic. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/gulf-stream-weakening-bad-news-north-atlantic/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Telecommunications: Competitive Impact of Restructuring the International Satellite Organizations (RCED-96-204). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rodman, R. A. (2010). Casual factors that contribute to gender bias in career choice among junior high school age females [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rosenberg, M., Apuzzo, M., & Schmidt, M. S. (2017, August 5). Mueller Pursues Flynn Documents At White House. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Benabid, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Benabid, 2015; Cohen & Stewart, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cohen & Stewart, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Demers-Carpentier et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Brain and Language
Abbreviation	Brain Lang.
ISSN (print)	0093-934X
Scope	Language and Linguistics Cognitive Neuroscience Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Linguistics and Language Speech and Hearing