How to format your references using the BMJ Open Respiratory Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMJ Open Respiratory Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dermitzakis ET. Genome-sequencing anniversary. Genome literacy. Science. 2011;331:689–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stoeckle MY, Coffran C. TreeParser-aided Klee diagrams display taxonomic clusters in DNA barcode and nuclear gene datasets. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2635.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gung Y, Panning M, Romanowicz B. Global anisotropy and the thickness of continents. Nature. 2003;422:707–11.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Segura TL, Toon OB, Colaprete A, et al. Environmental effects of large impacts on Mars. Science. 2002;298:1977–80.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Aït-Kadi D, Chouinard M, Marcotte S, et al. Sustainable Reverse Logistics Network. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.

An edited book

Blondel VD, Boyd SP, Kimura H, editors. Recent Advances in Learning and Control. London: Springer 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang L, Neuhäußer MR. Model Checking Interactive Markov Chains. In: Esparza J, Majumdar R, eds. Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems: 16th International Conference, TACAS 2010, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2010, Paphos, Cyprus, March 20-28, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2010:53–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMJ Open Respiratory Research.

Blog post

Andrews R. Two-Thirds Of American Public Want Clean Energy Instead Of Fossil Fuels. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/twothirds-american-public-clean-energy-fossil-fuels/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Computer Technology at IRS: Present and Planned. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1983.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mier LM. Monitoring Electron Transfer Reactions using Ultrafast UV-Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick SM. At an 85-Year-Old Summer Retreat, a Makeover. New York Times. 2014;LI8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMJ Open Respiratory Research
Abbreviation	BMJ Open Respir. Res.
ISSN (online)	2052-4439
Scope