How to format your references using the BMC Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sporn MB. Perspective: The big C - for Chemoprevention. Nature. 2011;471:S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cannon CP, Cannon PJ. Physiology. COX-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk. Science. 2012;336:1386–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Peirce V, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A. The different shades of fat. Nature. 2014;510:76–83.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Turgeon JL, McDonnell DP, Martin KA, Wise PM. Hormone therapy: physiological complexity belies therapeutic simplicity. Science. 2004;304:1269–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Cauvin C, Escobar F, Serradj A. Thematic Cartography and Transformations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Geroimenko V, Chen C, editors. Visualizing the Semantic Web: XML-Based Internet and Information Visualization. Second Edition. London: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Incherdchai J. Policies for National Museum Management: Solutions and Development. In: Sonoda N, editor. New Horizons for Asian Museums and Museology. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 57–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Zoology.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. A Great Valley On Mercury Was Caused By The Planet Shrinking. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/space/a-great-valley-on-mercury-was-caused-by-the-planet-shrinking/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Concorde Supersonic Aircraft Trial Entry into Dulles International Airport. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Benson MK. Joint -service integration: An organizational culture study of the United States Department of Defense voluntary education system. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Williams J. Trump Inspires Cottage Book Trade. New York Times. 2017;:C24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Zoology
Abbreviation	BMC Zool.
ISSN (online)	2056-3132
Scope