How to format your references using the BMC Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sligar SG. Chemistry. Glimpsing the critical intermediate in cytochrome P450 oxidations. Science. 2010;330:924–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Zatorre RJ, Krumhansl CL. Neuroscience. Mental models and musical minds. Science. 2002;298:2138–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Schefuss E, Schouten S, Schneider RR. Climatic controls on central African hydrology during the past 20,000 years. Nature. 2005;437:1003–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bico J, Roman B, Moulin L, Boudaoud A. Adhesion: elastocapillary coalescence in wet hair. Nature. 2004;432:690.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Cortada JW. The Essential Manager. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

1. Choi L, Paek Y, Cho S, editors. Advances in Computer Systems Architecture: 12th Asia-Pacific Conference, ACSAC 2007, Seoul, Korea, August 23-25, 2007. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Franzke J, Roeder E. Chapter five Participatory Budgeting in Berlin-Lichtenberg: An Example of Good Urban Governance? In: Hendriks F, Gianoli A, Schaap L, editors. The Quest for Good Urban Governance: Theoretical Reflections and International Practices. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden; 2015. p. 87–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Urology.

Blog post

1. Hamilton K. Small Tropical Islands Could Become The World’s First 100% Renewable Nations. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/small-tropical-islands-could-become-the-worlds-first-100--renewable-nations/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Trans-Alaska Pipeline: Actions to Improve Safety Are Under Way. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Sumner I. Quantum wavepacket ab initio molecular dynamics: Simulating quantum nuclear effects in complex systems. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Bosman J. Judge Allows Conyers to Be on the Ballot in Michigan. New York Times. 2014;:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Urology
Abbreviation	BMC Urol.
ISSN (online)	1471-2490
Scope	General Medicine Reproductive Medicine Urology

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