How to format your references using the BMC Systems Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Systems Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ho C-H. Amorphous effect on the advancing of wide-range absorption and structural-phase transition in γ-In2Se3 polycrystalline layers. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4764.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mettetal JT, van Oudenaarden A. Microbiology. Necessary noise. Science. 2007;317:463–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. McAlary L, Yerbury JJ, Aquilina JA. Glutathionylation potentiates benign superoxide dismutase 1 variants to the toxic forms associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3275.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Orning P, Weng D, Starheim K, Ratner D, Best Z, Lee B, et al. Pathogen blockade of TAK1 triggers caspase-8-dependent cleavage of gasdermin D and cell death. Science. 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Jaitly R. Practical Operational Due Diligence on Hedge Funds. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Skerrett K, Fergus K, editors. Couple Resilience: Emerging Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Raïevsky C, Mercier A, Genthial D, Occello M. Doubt Removal for Dependant People from Tablet Computer Usage Monitoring. In: Corchado JM, Bajo J, Kozlak J, Pawlewski P, Molina JM, Gaudou B, et al., editors. Highlights of Practical Applications of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems. The PAAMS Collection: PAAMS 2014 International Workshops, Salamanca, Spain, June 4-6, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 44–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Systems Biology.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Bonobo Study Reveals Our Ancestors Likely Had Less Body Fat and More Muscle Mass. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bonobo-dissections-reveal-selection-pressures-our-ancestors/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Emergency Revocation Orders of Air Carrier Certificates. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Sammons JL. Perceived benefits of and barriers to physical exercise in people with severe mental illness. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Barron J. Trading a Pop Star Strut for a Runway Glide. New York Times. 2016;:A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Systems Biology
Abbreviation	BMC Syst. Biol.
ISSN (online)	1752-0509
Scope	Molecular Biology Structural Biology Computer Science Applications Applied Mathematics Modelling and Simulation