How to format your references using the BMC Systems Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Systems Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dalton R. Arson hampers conservation work. Nature. 2001;411:509.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Izquierdo I, Cammarota M. Neuroscience. Zif and the survival of memory. Science. 2004;304:829–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. True HL, Berlin I, Lindquist SL. Epigenetic regulation of translation reveals hidden genetic variation to produce complex traits. Nature. 2004;431:184–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jain M, Arvanitis C, Chu K, Dewey W, Leonhardt E, Trinh M, et al. Sustained loss of a neoplastic phenotype by brief inactivation of MYC. Science. 2002;297:102–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Khan MM, Islam MR. Zero Waste Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Rebelo F, Soares M, editors. Advances in Ergonomics in Design: Proceedings of the AHFE 2016 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, July 27-31, 2016, Walt Disney World®, Florida, USA. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kokilashvili V, Meskhi A, Rafeiro H, Samko S. Two-weight Estimates. In: Meskhi A, Rafeiro H, Samko S, editors. Integral Operators in Non-Standard Function Spaces: Volume 1: Variable Exponent Lebesgue and Amalgam Spaces. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 219–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Systems Biology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Here’s Why Scientists Haven’t Invented An Impossible Space Engine – Despite What You May Have Read. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/here-s-why-scientists-haven-t-invented-impossible-space-engine-despite-what-you-may-have/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: The Proposed Performance Rights Act Would Result in Additional Costs for Broadcast Radio Stations and Additional Revenue for Record Companies, Musicians, and Performers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Santella Steen S. The Potential of Television Programming as a Resource to Facilitate Academic Progress for Students who have a Specific Learning Disability in Reading. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schwartz J. A Climate Change Evangelist. New York Times. 2016;:D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Systems Biology
Abbreviation	BMC Syst. Biol.
ISSN (online)	1752-0509
Scope	Molecular Biology Structural Biology Computer Science Applications Applied Mathematics Modelling and Simulation