How to format your references using the BMC Pulmonary Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Pulmonary Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Making the match. Nature. 2004;431:1125.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Droser ML, Gehling JG. Paleontology. Old and groovy. Science. 2012;336:1646–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sasai M, Linehan MM, Iwasaki A. Bifurcation of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling by adaptor protein 3. Science. 2010;329:1530–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Liu G, Ye X, Miller EJ, Liu SF. NF-κB-to-AP-1 switch: a mechanism regulating transition from endothelial barrier injury to repair in endotoxemic mice. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5543.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bernstein L, Yuhas CM. Trustworthy Systems through Quantitative Software Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Haslam J, Laycock J, editors. Therapeutic Management of Incontinence and Pelvic Pain: Pelvic Organ Disorders. 2nd Edition. London: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Farooq U, Marrakchi Z, Mehrez H. Tree-Based Application Specific Inflexible FPGA. In: Marrakchi Z, Mehrez H, editors. Tree-based Heterogeneous FPGA Architectures: Application Specific Exploration and Optimization. New York, NY: Springer; 2012. p. 123–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Pulmonary Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Pharma Use Loophole To Hike Up The Price Of Drugs – So Why Doesn’t The NHS Stop It? IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/pharma-use-loophole-hike-price-drugs-so-why-doesn-t-nhs-stop-it/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Homeland Security: Information Technology Funding and Associated Management Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Marcus J. Voices of survival: Opera in Theresienstadt. Doctoral dissertation. Florida Atlantic University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Williams J. One Book, One City. New York Times. 2017;:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Abbreviation	BMC Pulm. Med.
ISSN (online)	1471-2466
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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