How to format your references using the BMC Pulmonary Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Pulmonary Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Chu S. Cold atoms and quantum control. Nature. 2002;416:206–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Martinez F, Taylor B. Mantle wedge control on back-arc crustal accretion. Nature. 2002;416:417–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kirn TJ, Jude BA, Taylor RK. A colonization factor links Vibrio cholerae environmental survival and human infection. Nature. 2005;438:863–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Reddien PW, Oviedo NJ, Jennings JR, Jenkin JC, Sánchez Alvarado A. SMEDWI-2 is a PIWI-like protein that regulates planarian stem cells. Science. 2005;310:1327–30.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Yang S, Xu J-X, Li X, Shen D. Iterative Learning Control for Multi-agent Systems Coordination. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Agüero R, Zinner T, García-Lozano M, Wenning B-L, Timm-Giel A, editors. Mobile Networks and Management: 7th International Conference, MONAMI 2015, Santander, Spain, September 16-18, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ehrenfeucht A, Rozenberg G. A Formal Framework for Bioprocesses in Living Cells. In: Calude CS, Kari J, Petre I, Rozenberg G, editors. Unconventional Computation: 10th International Conference, UC 2011, Turku, Finland, June 6-10, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 10–10.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Pulmonary Medicine.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Monogamous Penguins Are Apart More Often Than They’re Together. IFLScience. 2015. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: NASA’s National Aviation Operations Monitoring Service Project Was Designed Appropriately, but Sampling and Other Issues Complicate Data Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rabalais ME. STEAM: A National Study of the Integration of the Arts Into STEM Instruction and its Impact on Student Achievement. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L. Rebate Checks to Lose Their Punch This Year. New York Times. 2008;:LI6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Abbreviation	BMC Pulm. Med.
ISSN (online)	1471-2466
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine