How to format your references using the BMC Pulmonary Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Pulmonary Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kroupa P. The initial mass function of stars: evidence for uniformity in variable systems. Science. 2002;295:82–91.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nisbet E, Weiss R. Atmospheric science. Top-down versus bottom-up. Science. 2010;328:1241–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Agulhon C, Fiacco TA, McCarthy KD. Hippocampal short- and long-term plasticity are not modulated by astrocyte Ca2+ signaling. Science. 2010;327:1250–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Terrak M, Kerff F, Langsetmo K, Tao T, Dominguez R. Structural basis of protein phosphatase 1 regulation. Nature. 2004;429:780–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kang S. Micro/Nano Replication. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Winther R, Gran BA, Dahll G, editors. Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 24th International Conference, SAFECOMP 2005, Fredrikstad, Norway, September 28-30, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Seidel GD, Chatzigeorgiou G, Ren X, Lagoudas DC. Multiscale Modeling of Multifunctional Fuzzy Fibers Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. In: Tserpes KI, Silvestre N, editors. Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and their Composites. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 135–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Pulmonary Medicine.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Anthropocene Began With Species Exchange Between Old And New Worlds. IFLScience. 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/anthropocene-began-species-exchange-between-old-and-new-worlds/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Globe Safety Product’s Inquiry Regarding Firefighters Breathing Apparatus Developed for NASA by Scott Aviation Company. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Catalini M. Intrinsic rewards increase job performance within an organization. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Von Aue M. A Radical Redo for ‘Madama Butterfly.’ New York Times. 2017;:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Abbreviation	BMC Pulm. Med.
ISSN (online)	1471-2466
Scope	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine