How to format your references using the BMC Genomics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Genomics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kazazian HH Jr. Mobile elements: drivers of genome evolution. Science. 2004;303:1626–32.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. O’Connor PM, Claessens LPAM. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature. 2005;436:253–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ahrestani FS, Hebblewhite M, Post E. The importance of observation versus process error in analyses of global ungulate populations. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3125.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ding Z, Liu S, Sun C, Chen Z, Fan Y, Deng X, et al. Concentration polarization of ox-LDL activates autophagy and apoptosis via regulating LOX-1 expression. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2091.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Cotarca L, Eckert H. Phosgenations - A Handbook. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

1. García-Pedrajas N, Herrera F, Fyfe C, Benítez JM, Ali M, editors. Trends in Applied Intelligent Systems: 23rd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2010, Cordoba, Spain, June 1-4, 2010, Proceedings, Part I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Karwatowski M, Russek P, Wielgosz M, Koryciak S, Wiatr K. Energy Efficient Calculations of Text Similarity Measure on FPGA-Accelerated Computing Platforms. In: Wyrzykowski R, Deelman E, Dongarra J, Karczewski K, Kitowski J, Wiatr K, editors. Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics: 11th International Conference, PPAM 2015, Krakow, Poland, September 6-9, 2015. Revised Selected Papers, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 31–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Genomics.

Blog post

1. Evans K. Scientists Discover Injection Of Hormone Could Act As Viagra For The Brain. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-discover-injection-of-hormone-could-act-as-viagra-for-the-brain/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Head Start: Research Provides Little Information on Impact of Current Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shen F-Y. A pedagogical and analytic comparison of Auguste Franchomme’s twelve Caprices, op. 7 and Alfredo Piatti’s twelve Caprices, op. 25. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pilon M. For Some Players, Tax Ensures a Loss Even After a Win. New York Times. 2013;:B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Genomics
Abbreviation	BMC Genomics
ISSN (online)	1471-2164
Scope	Biotechnology Genetics