How to format your references using the BMC Biotechnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Biotechnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rasio FA. Astronomy. A black widow’s best friend? Science. 2011;333:1712–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Phillips GN, Evans KA. Role of CO2 in the formation of gold deposits. Nature. 2004;429:860–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Davison PA, Hunter CN, Horton P. Overexpression of beta-carotene hydroxylase enhances stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Nature. 2002;418:203–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Pham CK, Diogo H, Menezes G, Porteiro F, Braga-Henriques A, Vandeperre F, et al. Deep-water longline fishing has reduced impact on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4837.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Adamowicz Z, Zbierski P. Logic of Mathematics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1997.

An edited book

1. Wichert R, Eberhardt B, editors. Ambient Assisted Living: 4. AAL-Kongress 2011, Berlin, Germany, January 25–26, 2011. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chen YY, Ferrer X, Wiratunga N, Plaza E. Aspect Selection for Social Recommender Systems. In: Hüllermeier E, Minor M, editors. Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development: 23rd International Conference, ICCBR 2015, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, September 28-30, 2015. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 60–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Biotechnology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. MBARI Researchers Describe Four New “Killer Sponges.” IFLScience. 2014. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Air Force ADP Procurement: Contracting and Market Share Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Carrillo J. Parenting education curriculum for single adolescent mothers in foster care. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Sabrina Tavernise With. The Survivors Dribble Out, All With a Story to Tell. New York Times. 2002;:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Biotechnology
Abbreviation	BMC Biotechnol.
ISSN (online)	1472-6750
Scope	Biotechnology