How to format your references using the BioSocieties citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BioSocieties. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Venema, L. (2011) Silicon electronics and beyond. Nature 479(7373), 309.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bramble, D.M. & Lieberman, D.E. (2004) Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature 432(7015), 345–352.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaeberlein, T., Lewis, K. & Epstein, S.S. (2002) Isolating “uncultivable” microorganisms in pure culture in a simulated natural environment. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296(5570), 1127–1129.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Huang, Z.-G. et al. (2014) Universal flux-fluctuation law in small systems. Scientific reports 4, 6787.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wen, S. & Huang, P. (2011) Principles of Tribology, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd.

An edited book

Askoxylakis, I. et al. eds. (2016) Computer Security – ESORICS 2016: 21st European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, Heraklion, Greece, September 26-30, 2016, Proceedings, Part II, Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Komorowski, T., Landim, C. & Olla, S. (2012) Bounds and Variational Principles for the Asymptotic Variance. In: C. Landim & S. Olla (eds.) Fluctuations in Markov Processes: Time Symmetry and Martingale Approximation. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 137–151.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BioSocieties.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014) Primitive Meteorites Brought Water To Early Earth. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Health Careers Opportunity Program: Process for Awarding Competitive Grants Included Independent Review, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Emerson, J.D. (2001) The Jambalaya That is My Brain. Doctoral dissertation. Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2014) Judging Draws Renewed Scrutiny. New York Times, 21 February:p. B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Venema 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Venema 2011; Bramble and Lieberman 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bramble and Lieberman 2004)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	BioSocieties
Abbreviation	Biosocieties
ISSN (print)	1745-8552
ISSN (online)	1745-8560
Scope	Health Policy Health(social science)