How to format your references using the Biomedical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomedical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wang LL. Obituary. Wang Ying-lai (1907-2001). Nature 2001;412:38.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bettencourt L, West G. A unified theory of urban living. Nature 2010;467:912–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

McCormick DA, Shu Y, Yu Y. Neurophysiology: Hodgkin and Huxley model--still standing? Nature 2007;445:E1-2; discussion E2-3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hung W-Y, Fang G-C, Lin S-W, Cheng S-H, Wong K-T, Kuo T-Y, et al. The first tandem, all-exciplex-based WOLED. Sci Rep 2014;4:5161.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Garber R. BIM Design. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Kleinaltenkamp M, Plinke W, Geiger I, editors. Business Relationship Management and Marketing: Mastering Business Markets. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Liang B, Chen C, Guan Y-H, Huang X-Y. Estimating the Missing Traffic Speeds via Continuous Conditional Random Fields. In: Cai R, Chen K, Hong L, Yang X, Zhang R, Zou L, editors. Web Technologies and Applications: APWeb 2015 Workshops, BSD, WDMA, and BDAT, Guangzhou, China, September 18, 2015, Revised Selected Papers, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 35–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomedical Journal.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. We’re About To See A Reused SpaceX Rocket Launch For The First Time. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/space/were-about-to-see-a-reused-space-rocket-launch-for-the-first-time/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Tax Systems Modernization: Unmanaged Risks Threaten Success. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Sweeney DL. Learning in human -dolphin interactions at zoological facilities. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rothenberg B. Some Chafe at Rules Meant to Protect Youngest Girls. New York Times 2017:D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomedical Journal
Abbreviation	Biomed. J.
ISSN (print)	2319-4170
Scope	General Medicine