How to format your references using the Biomedical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomedical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Reenan RA. Molecular determinants and guided evolution of species-specific RNA editing. Nature 2005;434:409–13.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Park Y, Kuroda MI. Epigenetic aspects of X-chromosome dosage compensation. Science 2001;293:1083–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Torre R, Bartolini P, Righini R. Structural relaxation in supercooled water by time-resolved spectroscopy. Nature 2004;428:296–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Booth JA, Thomassen GOS, Rowe AD, Weel-Sneve R, Lagesen K, Kristiansen KI, et al. Tiling array study of MNNG treated Escherichia coli reveals a widespread transcriptional response. Sci Rep 2013;3:3053.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Quinn JF. Dementia. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Zoulias EI. Hydrogen-based Autonomous Power Systems: Techno-economic Analysis of the Integration of Hydrogen in Autonomous Power Systems. London: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ekbom B. Pests and Their Enemies in Spring Oilseed Rape in Europe and Challenges to Integrated Pest Management. In: Williams IH, editor. Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010, p. 151–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomedical Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Catching Metastatic Cancer Cells Before They Grow Into Tumors: A New Implant Shows Promise. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/catching-metastatic-cancer-cells-they-grow-tumors-new-implant-shows-promise/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Child Support Enforcement: Strong Leadership Required to Maximize Benefits of Automated Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Necaise KW. Effects of soybean-derived phytoestrogens on reproductive tract development in neonatal male and female pigs: Animal model for the human infant. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Last Regional Governor’s Election. New York Times 2005:A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomedical Journal
Abbreviation	Biomed. J.
ISSN (print)	2319-4170
Scope	General Medicine