How to format your references using the Biomarkers in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarkers in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mézard M. Computer science. Where are the exemplars? Science. 315(5814), 949–951 (2007).

A journal article with 2 authors

McEvoy MA, Correll N. Materials science. Materials that couple sensing, actuation, computation, and communication. Science. 347(6228), 1261689 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

Lan R, Irvine JTS, Tao S. Synthesis of ammonia directly from air and water at ambient temperature and pressure. Sci. Rep. 3, 1145 (2013).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Halloran ME, Longini IM Jr, Nizam A, Yang Y. Containing bioterrorist smallpox. Science. 298(5597), 1428–1432 (2002).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stahl S, Stenson C. Introduction to Topology and Geometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Colom J-M, Desel J, editors. Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency: 34th International Conference, PETRI NETS 2013, Milan, Italy, June 24-28, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Miller KB, Bergsten J. Predaceous Diving Beetle Sexual Systems. In: Ecology, Systematics, and the Natural History of Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Yee DA (Ed.), Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 199–233 (2014).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarkers in Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Discover A 7-Meter-Long Dinosaur [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-seven-meter-long-dinosaur-lightning-claw/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Proprietary Schools: Improved Department of Education Oversight Needed to Help Ensure Only Eligible Students Receive Federal Student Aid. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nadeau EM. Baby Boomer Generation’s Knowledge of Alzheimer’s Disease. (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Meier A, Musick K. Is the Family Dinner Overrated? New York Times, SR9 (2012).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarkers in Medicine
Abbreviation	Biomark. Med.
ISSN (print)	1752-0363
ISSN (online)	1752-0371
Scope	Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry, medical Drug Discovery