How to format your references using the Biomarkers in Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarkers in Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Segrè G. The Big Bang and the genetic code. Nature 404(6777), 437 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

Klenerman P, McMichael A. AIDS/HIV. Finding footprints among the trees. Science 315(5818), 1505–1507 (2007).

A journal article with 3 authors

Thorne SH, Negrin RS, Contag CH. Synergistic antitumor effects of immune cell-viral biotherapy. Science 311(5768), 1780–1784 (2006).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hesselbo SP, Grocke DR, Jenkyns HC et al. Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event. Nature 406(6794), 392–395 (2000).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Leibowitz ML, Bova A, Hammond PB. The Endowment Model of Investing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2010).

An edited book

Otto H-U, Atzmüller R, Berthet T et al. (Eds.). Facing Trajectories from School to Work: Towards a Capability-Friendly Youth Policy in Europe. (Volume 20). Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015).

A chapter in an edited book

Little D. Actor-Centered Sociology and the New Pragmatism. In: Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate: Essays in the Philosophy of Social Science. Zahle J, Collin F (Ed.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 55–75 (2014).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarkers in Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. ‘Top 10 Space Science Stories From 2014’ (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/space/top-10-space-science-stories-2014/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Strong Leadership and Effective Partnerships Needed to Mitigate Risks, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, (1998).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Venegas Carro GI. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M. Hurricane Closes Houston Arts Center, (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarkers in Medicine
Abbreviation	Biomark. Med.
ISSN (print)	1752-0363
ISSN (online)	1752-0371
Scope	Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry, medical Drug Discovery