How to format your references using the Biomarkers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarkers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Joyce, G.F., 2002. The antiquity of RNA-based evolution. Nature, 418 (6894), 214–221.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hannonen, M. and Sundström, L., 2003. Sociobiology: Worker nepotism among polygynous ants. Nature, 421 (6926), 910.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang, L., Treisman, A., and Pashler, H., 2007. Characterizing the limits of human visual awareness. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317 (5839), 823–825.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Froyd, C.A., van der Knaap, W.O., Coffey, E.E., Tye, A., and Willis, K.J., 2008. Fossil pollen as a guide to conservation in the Galapagos. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322 (5905), 1206.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

MacRoberts, 2014. MacRoberts on Scottish Construction Contracts. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Carroll, J. and Daly, S., eds., 2015. Fracture, Fatigue, Failure, and Damage Evolution, Volume 5: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Ussery, D.W., Wassenaar, T.M., and Borini, S., 2009. The Challenges of Programming: A Brief Introduction. In: D.W. Ussery, T.M. Wassenaar, and S. Borini, eds. Computing for Comparative Microbial Genomics: Bioinformatics for Microbiologists. London: Springer, 69–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarkers.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. WHO Approves 15-Minute Ebola Test [online]. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/who-approves-15-minute-ebola-test/ [Accessed 30 Oct 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. Highway Safety: NHTSA’s Motorcycle Helmet Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, No. RCED-98-44R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kreisel, M., 2015. Gabor frames for quasicrystals and K-theory. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, I. by B., 2016. Life on Tour With a Little One in Tow. New York Times, 7 Sep, p. B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Joyce 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Joyce 2002, Hannonen and Sundström 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hannonen and Sundström 2003)
Three or more authors: (van Leeuwen et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarkers
ISSN (print)	1354-750X
ISSN (online)	1366-5804
Scope