How to format your references using the Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bredas JL. Applied physics. When electrons leave holes in organic solar cells. Science. 2014;343(6170):492-493.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shaywitz D, Dansky H. Found in translation. Nature. 2007;446(7136):700.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nandy D, Muñoz-Jaramillo A, Martens PCH. The unusual minimum of sunspot cycle 23 caused by meridional plasma flow variations. Nature. 2011;471(7336):80-82.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wu C, Hember RA, Chen JM, et al. Accelerating forest growth enhancement due to climate and atmospheric changes in British Colombia, Canada over 1956-2001. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4461.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bishop CA. Roll-to-Roll Vacuum Deposition of Barrier Coatings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Kamm B, ed. Microorganisms in Biorefineries. Vol 26. Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Macalister J. Adapting and Adopting Materials. In: Azarnoosh M, Zeraatpishe M, Faravani A, Kargozari HR, eds. Issues in Materials Development. SensePublishers; 2016:57-64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Cuckoos Use Mafia Tactics, And They Work. IFLScience. April 18, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cuckoos-use-mafia-tactics-and-they-work/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Status of the Research Fleet of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reehal G. Designing Low Power and High Performance Network-on-Chip Communication Architectures for Nanometer SoCs. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwirtz M, Rashbaum WK, Hakim D. Trump Foot Soldier Sidelined Under Glare of Russia Inquiry. New York Times. July 2, 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine
ISSN (print)	2214-0247
Scope	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Biomedical Engineering General Medicine Drug Discovery