How to format your references using the Biological Invasions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biological Invasions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fine C (2014) Neuroscience. His brain, her brain? Science 346:915–916

A journal article with 2 authors

Short J, Murray S (2011) A frozen hell. Nature 472:162–163

A journal article with 3 authors

Damasceno PF, Engel M, Glotzer SC (2012) Predictive self-assembly of polyhedra into complex structures. Science 337:453–457

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Tiscareno MS, Burns JA, Hedman MM, et al (2006) 100-metre-diameter moonlets in Saturn’s A ring from observations of “propeller” structures. Nature 440:648–650

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sahinoglu M (2016) Cyber-Risk Informatics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Dana L-P, Ramadani V (eds) (2015) Family Businesses in Transition Economies: Management, Succession and Internationalization. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Aiba S-I (2016) Vegetation Zonation and Conifer Dominance Along Latitudinal and Altitudinal Gradients in Humid Regions of the Western Pacific. In: Kudo G (ed) Structure and Function of Mountain Ecosystems in Japan: Biodiversity and Vulnerability to Climate Change. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 89–114

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biological Invasions.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) Worried About Arsenic In Your Baby’s Rice Cereal? There Are Other Foods That Can Provide Essential Iron. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/worried-about-arsenic-your-baby-s-rice-cereal-there-are-other-foods-can-provide/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) U.S.-Korea Fighter Coproduction Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gibson JJ (2017) An Assessment of Factors Relating to High School Students’ Science Self-Efficacy. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2012) A Star With a Smile, Forever Kid. New York Times B10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fine 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Short and Murray 2011; Fine 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Short and Murray 2011)
Three or more authors: (Tiscareno et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biological Invasions
Abbreviation	Biol. Invasions
ISSN (print)	1387-3547
ISSN (online)	1573-1464
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology