How to format your references using the Biological Invasions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biological Invasions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koshland DE Jr (2002) Special essay. The seven pillars of life. Science 295:2215–2216

A journal article with 2 authors

Nadeau JH, Dudley AM (2011) Genetics. Systems genetics. Science 331:1015–1016

A journal article with 3 authors

Attri AK, Kumar U, Jain VK (2001) Formation of ozone by fireworks. Nature 411:1015

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Allwood DA, Xiong G, Cooke MD, et al (2002) Submicrometer ferromagnetic NOT gate and shift register. Science 296:2003–2006

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Worth SM (2010) The Association Guide to Going Global. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Forbrig P, Paternò F (eds) (2008) Engineering Interactive Systems: Second Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering, HCSE 2008, and 7th International Workshop on Task Models and Diagrams, TAMODIA 2008, Pisa, Italy, September 25-26, 2008. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Schweiger HF, Peschl G (2007) Basic Concepts and Applications of Random Sets in Geotechnical Engineering. In: Griffiths DV, Fenton GA (eds) Probabilistic Methods in Geotechnical Engineering. Springer, Vienna, pp 113–126

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biological Invasions.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Jurassic Monster Is Largest Meat-Eating Dinosaur Found In Germany. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/jurassic-monster-is-largest-meateating-dinosaur-found-in-germany/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Small Business Act: NASA’s Disadvantaged Business Advocate Not Reporting to Proper Management Level. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fouts J (2014) A mental health outreach program for adolescent gang members and at-risk youth: A grant writing project. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B, Erdbrink T (2017) Siding With the Saudis. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koshland 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Koshland 2002; Nadeau and Dudley 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nadeau and Dudley 2011)
Three or more authors: (Allwood et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biological Invasions
Abbreviation	Biol. Invasions
ISSN (print)	1387-3547
ISSN (online)	1573-1464
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology