How to format your references using the Biogeosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biogeosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sun, T.-P.: Plant Science. Sex and the single fern, Science, 346, 423–424, 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thomas, C. D. and Williamson, M.: Extinction and climate change, Nature, 482, E4-5; author reply E5-6, 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ingle, N. J. C., Beasley, M. R., and Geballe, T. H.: Superconductivity in a spin-ladder cuprate, Science, 295, 1967, 2002.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Messenger, S., Keller, L. P., Stadermann, F. J., Walker, R. M., and Zinner, E.: Samples of stars beyond the solar system: silicate grains in interplanetary dust, Science, 300, 105–108, 2003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernandes, R.: Local and Regional Flaps in Head & Neck Reconstruction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

Makhanov, S. S.: Advanced Numerical Methods to Optimize Cutting Operations of Five-Axis Milling Machines, edited by: Anotaipaiboon, W., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XVII, 206 p pp., 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Zeng, D., Gu, L., and Guo, S.: A General Communication Cost Optimization Framework for Big Data Stream Processing in Geo-Distributed Data Centers, in: Cloud Networking for Big Data, edited by: Gu, L. and Guo, S., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 79–100, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biogeosciences.

Blog post

How Does Stoned Sex Compare To Drunk Sex? https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/how-does-stoned-sex-compare-to-drunk-sex/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Student Financial Aid: Data Not Fully Utilized to Identify Inappropriately Awarded Loans and Grants, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wahl, R. J.: Agustín Barrios and musical identity: Tangos in early twentieth-century guitar repertory, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Krauss, C. and Schwartz, J.: Views on State Dept. Pick Hinge on Oil Industry, New York Times, 14th December, A19, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sun, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Sun, 2014; Thomas and Williamson, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Thomas and Williamson, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Messenger et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biogeosciences
Abbreviation	Biogeosciences
ISSN (print)	1726-4170
ISSN (online)	1726-4189
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Earth-Surface Processes