How to format your references using the Biodegradation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biodegradation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Check Hayden E (2014) The automated lab. Nature 516:131–132

A journal article with 2 authors

Rikken GL, Raupach E (2000) Enantioselective magnetochiral photochemistry. Nature 405:932–935

A journal article with 3 authors

Schön JH, Kloc C, Batlogg B (2000) Fractional quantum Hall effect in organic molecular semiconductors. Science 288:2338–2340

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Shimojima T, Sakaguchi F, Ishizaka K, et al (2011) Orbital-independent superconducting gaps in iron pnictides. Science 332:564–567

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Volpe MA (2013) Rethinking Christian Identity. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford

An edited book

Becker M, Davis J (eds) (2008) Surgical Management of Inflammatory Eye Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Mobarek A, Mollah S (2016) Market Integration and Causality in Developed and Emerging Markets during Crisis Periods. In: Mollah S (ed) Global Stock Market Integration: Co-Movement, Crises, and Efficiency in Developed and Emerging Markets. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, pp 115–134

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biodegradation.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) A Faster Response Needed To See Fast Radio Bursts In The Universe. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/faster-response-needed-see-fast-radio-bursts-universe/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993) Aircraft Certification: New FAA Approach Needed to Meet Challenges of Advanced Technology. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Melhorn SJ (2009) The microstructure of food intake under conditions of high-fat diet, social stress and social subordination. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S (2017) You Can Just Put That Cookie Cutter Away. New York Times RE8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Check Hayden 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Rikken and Raupach 2000; Check Hayden 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rikken and Raupach 2000)
Three or more authors: (Shimojima et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Biodegradation
Abbreviation	Biodegradation
ISSN (print)	0923-9820
ISSN (online)	1572-9729
Scope	Bioengineering Environmental Chemistry Environmental Engineering Pollution Microbiology