How to format your references using the Bioactive Materials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bioactive Materials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Neylon, Stitching science together, Nature. 461 (2009) 881.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A.L. Mayer, A.H. Khalyani, Ecology. Grass trumps trees with fire, Science. 334 (2011) 188–189.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.R.E. Sinclair, S. Mduma, J.S. Brashares, Patterns of predation in a diverse predator-prey system, Nature. 425 (2003) 288–290.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D.D. Fong, G.B. Stephenson, S.K. Streiffer, J.A. Eastman, O. Auciello, P.H. Fuoss, C. Thompson, Ferroelectricity in ultrathin perovskite films, Science. 304 (2004) 1650–1653.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. Rowlinson, A Practical Guide to the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

J.J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, I.S. Gill, eds., Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery in Malignancies, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Mansour, Consumable and Expendable Material Support as an Element of Modular Product Service Systems in the Aviation MRO Industry, in: J. Hesselbach, C. Herrmann (Eds.), Functional Thinking for Value Creation: Proceedings of the 3rd CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product Service Systems, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, May 5th - 6th, 2011, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011: pp. 13–13.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bioactive Materials.

Blog post

[1]

R. Andrews, Humpback Whale “Supergroups” Seen Having Their Own Raves, IFLScience. (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/humpback-whale-supergroups-raves/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: Wire-Based Competition Benefited Consumers In Selected Markets, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B. Niedringhaus, Best Practice in Early Reading Intervention: Implementing a Reading Intervention Program to Reach Below Level Readers, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Lee, Ducking In and Out, New York Times. (2009) ST4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Bioactive Materials
Abbreviation	Bioact. Mater.
ISSN (print)	2452-199X
Scope