How to format your references using the Bioactive Materials citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bioactive Materials. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

A. Lawler, In search of Green Arabia, Science 345 (2014) 994–997.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

F. Raes, R. Swart, Climate change. Climate assessment: what’s next?, Science 318 (2007) 1386.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J. Hwang, T. Timusk, G.D. Gu, High-transition-temperature superconductivity in the absence of the magnetic-resonance mode, Nature 427 (2004) 714–717.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.J. Cokus, S. Feng, X. Zhang, Z. Chen, B. Merriman, C.D. Haudenschild, S. Pradhan, S.F. Nelson, M. Pellegrini, S.E. Jacobsen, Shotgun bisulphite sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome reveals DNA methylation patterning, Nature 452 (2008) 215–219.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

E.E. Gdoutos, ed., Fracture of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures: Proceedings of the 16th European Conference of Fracture, Alexandroupolis, Greece, July 3–7, 2006, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, in: S. Simjee (Ed.), Foodborne Diseases, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2007: pp. 79–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bioactive Materials.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, How Risky Are The World Economic Forum’s Top 10 Emerging Technologies For 2016?, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-risky-are-the-worlds-economic-forums-top-ten-emerging-technologies-for-2016/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, U.S.-Japan Cooperative Development: Progress on FS-X Program Enhances Japanese Aerospace Capabilities, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.Z. Ladendorff, The effect of North American Electric Reliability Corporation critical infrastructure protection standards on bulk electric system reliability, Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Hubbard, I. Fisher, President Puts Saudis at Core Of Peace Effort, New York Times (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Bioactive Materials
Abbreviation	Bioact. Mater.
ISSN (print)	2452-199X
Scope