How to format your references using the Batteries citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Batteries. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kouwenhoven, L. One Photon Seen by One Electron. Nature 2000, 403, 374–375.

A journal article with 2 authors

Veldhoen, M.; Withers, D.R. Immunology. Innate Lymphoid Cell Relations. Science 2010, 330, 594–595.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lind, G.; Linsmeier, C.E.; Schouenborg, J. The Density Difference between Tissue and Neural Probes Is a Key Factor for Glial Scarring. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2942.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Horner-Devine, M.C.; Lage, M.; Hughes, J.B.; Bohannan, B.J.M. A Taxa-Area Relationship for Bacteria. Nature 2004, 432, 750–753.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rabe, J.L.; Martorana, R.J. Alts Democratized; John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ, 2014; ISBN 9781118971048.

An edited book

Evolutionary Computation in Practice; Yu, T., Davis, L., Baydar, C., Roy, R., Eds.; Studies in Computational Intelligence; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008; Vol. 88; ISBN 9783540757702.

A chapter in an edited book

Hsu, C.-L.; Lin, Y.-L.; Wu, T.-C.; Su, C.-H. Threshold Convertible Authenticated Encryption Scheme for Hierarchical Organizations. In Communication and Networking: International Conference, FGCN 2010, Held as Part of the Future Generation Information Technology Conference, FGIT 2010, Jeju Island, Korea, December 13-15, 2010. Proceedings, Part I; Kim, T.-H., Chang, A.C.-C., Li, M., Rong, C., Patrikakis, C.Z., Ślęzak, D., Eds.; Communications in Computer and Information Science; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010; pp. 23–36 ISBN 9783642175862.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Batteries.

Blog post

Andrew, E. American Public Can Now Nominate New National Marine Sanctuaries Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/american-public-can-now-nominate-new-national-marine-sanctuaries/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Acquisition and Utilization of Wind Tunnels by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1976;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gikiri, M.M. Effects of Attitude, Norms, and Perceived Behavior Control on Intentions to Become a Teen Father. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University: Minneapolis, MN, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. Honing Their Chances With Photos and Wit. New York Times 2014, D6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Batteries
ISSN (online)	2313-0105
Scope