How to format your references using the Batteries citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Batteries. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier, Q. Deep-Sea Sub Aims to Get to the Bottom of a Muddy Issue. Nature 2003, 423, 469.

A journal article with 2 authors

le Noble, F.; le Noble, J. Bone Biology: Vessels of Rejuvenation. Nature 2014, 507, 313–314.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gertz, J.; Siggia, E.D.; Cohen, B.A. Analysis of Combinatorial Cis-Regulation in Synthetic and Genomic Promoters. Nature 2009, 457, 215–218.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dawson, M.R.; Marivaux, L.; Li, C.-K.; Beard, K.C.; Métais, G. Laonastes and the “Lazarus Effect” in Recent Mammals. Science 2006, 311, 1456–1458.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berg, M.C. The Fourier-Analytic Proof of Quadratic Reciprocity; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2000; ISBN 9781118032947.

An edited book

Henderson-Sellers, B. Situational Method Engineering; Ralyté, J., Ågerfalk, P.J., Rossi, M., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014; ISBN 9783642414664.

A chapter in an edited book

Ruschhaupt, A.; Muga, J.G.; Hegerfeldt, G.C. Detector Models for the Quantum Time of Arrival. In Time in Quantum Mechanics - Vol. 2; Muga, G., Ruschhaupt, A., Campo, A. del, Eds.; Lecture Notes in Physics; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009; pp. 65–96 ISBN 9783642031731.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Batteries.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. NASA Has Seen “Spiders” Forming On Mars For The First Time Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-sees-spiders-forming-on-mars-for-the-first-time/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Transportation Safety: Medical Certification and Background Check Requirements for Pilots, Vessel Masters, and Commercial Drivers Vary; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2008;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ready, C. Preventing Childhood Obesity in Foster Children: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart, J.B. Now on Broadway, an Economics Lesson. New York Times 2017, B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Batteries
ISSN (online)	2313-0105
Scope