How to format your references using the Archives of Pharmacal Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Pharmacal Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Peplow M (2013) Catalysis: The accelerator. Nature 495:S10-1

A journal article with 2 authors

Supek F, Lehner B (2015) Differential DNA mismatch repair underlies mutation rate variation across the human genome. Nature 521:81–84

A journal article with 3 authors

Tran J, Brenner TJ, DiNardo S (2000) Somatic control over the germline stem cell lineage during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Nature 407:754–757

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Womelsdorf T, Fries P, Mitra PP, Desimone R (2006) Gamma-band synchronization in visual cortex predicts speed of change detection. Nature 439:733–736

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hersent O, Petit J-P, Gurle D (2005) Beyond VoIP Protocols. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Fernandes PR, Bartolo PJ (eds) (2014) Tissue Engineering: Computer Modeling, Biofabrication and Cell Behavior. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Čomić L, De Floriani L, Magillo P, Iuricich F (2014) A Combinatorial Approach Based on Forman Theory. In: De Floriani L, Magillo P, Iuricich F (eds) Morphological Modeling of Terrains and Volume Data. Springer, New York, NY, pp 69–88

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Pharmacal Research.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Bluebirds Shout Their Songs When it Gets Noisy. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bluebirds-shout-their-songs-when-it-gets-noisy/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Standards and Technology: Update of Information About Fee Increases for Measurement Services. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Russo CA (2014) The potential harms of breast cancer screening: estimating the unnecessary surgical diagnosis of benign breast lesions and its impact on quality and cost among insured women younger than 65 years old. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK (2004) World Briefing | Europe: Georgia: Device Explodes In Capital. New York Times A10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Peplow 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Peplow 2013; Supek and Lehner 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Supek and Lehner 2015)
Three or more authors: (Womelsdorf et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Pharmacal Research
Abbreviation	Arch. Pharm. Res.
ISSN (print)	0253-6269
ISSN (online)	1976-3786
Scope	Molecular Medicine Organic Chemistry Drug Discovery

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