How to format your references using the Avian Conservation and Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Avian Conservation and Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Matyjaszewski, K. 2011. Chemistry. Architecturally complex polymers with controlled heterogeneity. Science (New York, N.Y.) 333:1104–1105.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tans, S. J., and C. Dekker. 2000. Potential modulations along carbon nanotubes. Nature 404:834–835.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ungless, M. A., P. J. Magill, and J. P. Bolam. 2004. Uniform inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area by aversive stimuli. Science (New York, N.Y.) 303:2040–2042.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Poggio, T., R. Rifkin, S. Mukherjee, and P. Niyogi. 2004. General conditions for predictivity in learning theory. Nature 428:419–422.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hammes, G. G. 2005. Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Au, M.-H., and A. Miyaji (Eds.). 2015. Provable Security: 9th International Conference, ProvSec 2015, Kanazawa, Japan, November 24-26, 2015, Proceedings1st ed. 2015. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Jagnow, R. 2006. Edmund Husserl on the Applicability of Formal Geometry. Pages 67–85 in E. Carson and R. Huber, editors. Intuition and the Axiomatic Method. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Avian Conservation and Ecology.

Blog post

Davis, J. 2017, February 7. Bizarre-Looking Hairy Slug Fossil May Be The Ancestor To Snails, Clams, And Octopuses. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bizarrelooking-hairy-slug-fossil-may-be-the-ancestor-to-snails-clams-and-octopuses/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Federal Research: Observations on the Small Business Innovation Research Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Banuelos, J. 2010. Deficit irrigation of bermudagrass and seashore paspalum for golf course turf. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. 1992, September 28. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Uses Farm Speech to Begin New Offensive. New York Times:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Matyjaszewski 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Tans and Dekker 2000, Matyjaszewski 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tans and Dekker 2000)
Three or more authors: (Poggio et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Avian Conservation and Ecology
Abbreviation	Avian Conserv. Ecol.
ISSN (online)	1712-6568
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation