How to format your references using the Australasian Emergency Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Australasian Emergency Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Spratt BG. Microbiology. Stomachs out of Africa. Science 2003;299:1528–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ims RA, Andreassen HP. Spatial synchronization of vole population dynamics by predatory birds. Nature 2000;408:194–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Chisari FV, Mason WS, Seeger C. Virology. Comment on “Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA.” Science 2014;344:1237.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Polade SD, Pierce DW, Cayan DR, Gershunov A, Dettinger MD. The key role of dry days in changing regional climate and precipitation regimes. Sci Rep 2014;4:4364.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Coles A, Hawkins DG. MIDAS Technical Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Allahbadia GN, Nitzschke M, editors. Minimal Stimulation and Natural Cycle In Vitro Fertilization. 1st ed. 2015. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Palosz B, Gierlotka S, Swiderska-Sroda A, Fietkiewicz K, Kalisz G, Grzanka E, et al. Combining Hard with Soft Materials in Nanoscale under High-Pressure High-Temperature Conditions. In: Lee J, Novikov N, Turkevich V, editors. Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coatings for Advanced Manufacturing: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Innovative Superhard Materials and Sustainable Coatings Kiev, Ukraine 12–15 May 2004, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2005, p. 43–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Australasian Emergency Care.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. How An Arctic Microbe Survives The Cold. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-an-arctic-microbe-survives-the-cold/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Within-School Discrimination: Inadequate Title VI Enforcement by Education’s Office for Civil Rights. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Peterson DG. An application of geotechnical techniques to quantitative regional slope stability analysis San Clemente, California. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shpigel B. Top Safety From L.S.U. With Reputation for Intensity Drops Into Jets’ Lap at No. 6. New York Times 2017:B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Australasian Emergency Care
ISSN (print)	2588-994X
Scope