How to format your references using the Astrophysics and Space Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Astrophysics and Space Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gaeta, A.L.: Optics. Collapsing light really shines. Science. 301, 54–55 (2003)

A journal article with 2 authors

Kondo, S., Miura, T.: Reaction-diffusion model as a framework for understanding biological pattern formation. Science. 329, 1616–1620 (2010)

A journal article with 3 authors

Pham, T.C.T., Kim, H.S., Yoon, K.B.: Growth of uniformly oriented silica MFI and BEA zeolite films on substrates. Science. 334, 1533–1538 (2011)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yin, R., Zhang, D., Song, Y., Zhu, B.-Z., Wang, H.: Potent DNA damage by polyhalogenated quinones and H₂O₂ via a metal-independent and Intercalation-enhanced oxidation mechanism. Sci. Rep. 3, 1269 (2013)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McAulay, A.D.: Military Laser Technology for Defense. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2011)

An edited book

Blake, M.A., Boland, G. eds: Adrenal Imaging. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ (2009)

A chapter in an edited book

Ghersetich, I., Brazzini, B., Lotti, T., De Padova, M.P., Tosti, A.: Pyruvic Acid. In: Tosti, A., Grimes, P.E., and Padova, M.P.D. (eds.) Color Atlas of Chemical Peels. pp. 31–39. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2006)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Astrophysics and Space Science.

Blog post

Hamilton, K.: Kitchen Science: From Sizzling Brisket To Fresh Baked Bread, The Chemical Reaction That Makes Our Favourite Foods Taste So Good, https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/kitchen-science-from-sizzling-brisket-to-fresh-baked-bread-the-chemical-reaction-that-makes-our-favourite-foods-taste-so-good/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Federal Communications Commission: Strategic Focus Needed to Improve Information Resources Management. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1990)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blackmar, M.D.: Wagner domesticated, Wagner democratized: The parlor reception of Musikdrama, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W.: When a County Runs Off the Cliff, (2012)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gaeta 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Gaeta 2003; Kondo and Miura 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kondo and Miura 2010)
Three or more authors: (Yin et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Astrophysics and Space Science
Abbreviation	Astrophys. Space Sci.
ISSN (print)	0004-640X
ISSN (online)	1572-946X
Scope	Space and Planetary Science Astronomy and Astrophysics