How to format your references using the Asian Journal of German and European Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of German and European Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Declercq G (2005) Comment on “How science survived: medieval manuscripts’ ‘demography’ and classic texts’ extinction.” Science 310:1618; author reply 1618

A journal article with 2 authors

Padoa-Schioppa C, Assad JA (2006) Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value. Nature 441:223–226

A journal article with 3 authors

Blake RE, Chang SJ, Lepland A (2010) Phosphate oxygen isotopic evidence for a temperate and biologically active Archaean ocean. Nature 464:1029–1032

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Jones T, Ehardt CL, Butynski TM, et al (2005) The highland mangabey Lophocebus kipunji: a new species of African monkey. Science 308:1161–1164

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hahn GJ, Doganaksoy N (2011) A Career in Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Forsyth D, Torr P, Zisserman A (eds) (2008) Computer Vision – ECCV 2008: 10th European Conference on Computer Vision, Marseille, France, October 12-18, 2008, Proceedings, Part IV. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Lane T (2014) When Actions Feel Alien—an Explanatory Model. In: Hung T-W (ed) Communicative Action: Selected Papers of the 2013 IEAS Conference on Language and Action. Springer, Singapore, pp 53–74

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of German and European Studies.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Check Out This New Stunning Survey Of The Distant Universe. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/check-out-this-new-stunning-survey-of-the-distant-universe/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973) Contract Award Protest. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Greene B (2017) Repercussions of the Dark Valley - Reenacting And Reinterpreting an Era via Fantasy Manga. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO (2017) Cinéma Spirité: Dinner and Drinks at the Movies. New York Times C8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Declercq 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Declercq 2005; Padoa-Schioppa and Assad 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Padoa-Schioppa and Assad 2006)
Three or more authors: (Jones et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of German and European Studies
Abbreviation	Asian J. Ger. Eur. Stud.
ISSN (online)	2199-4579
Scope