How to format your references using the Asian Journal of German and European Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of German and European Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Solow AR (2013) Global warming: A call for peace on climate and conflict. Nature 497:179–180

A journal article with 2 authors

Coller HA, Kruglyak L (2008) Genetics. It’s the sequence, stupid! Science 322:380–381

A journal article with 3 authors

Leone A, Ferrari PF, Palagi E (2014) Different yawns, different functions? Testing social hypotheses on spontaneous yawning in Theropithecus gelada. Sci Rep 4:4010

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Chen K-C, Wu W-W, Liao C-N, et al (2008) Observation of atomic diffusion at twin-modified grain boundaries in copper. Science 321:1066–1069

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moreau N (2013) Tools for Signal Compression. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Culp P (2015) Shopping for Water: How the Market Can Mitigate Water Shortages in the American West. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, Washington, DC

A chapter in an edited book

Walna B, Kurzyca I, Siepak J (2007) Variations in the Fluoride Level in Precipitation in a Region of Human Impact. In: Brimblecombe P, Hara H, Houle D, Novak M (eds) Acid Rain - Deposition to Recovery. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 33–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of German and European Studies.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Study Reveals How Traveling To Mars Could Damage Astronaut’s Brains. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-traveling-mars-damages-your-brain/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Trademark ADP System: Patent Office Should Analyze Alternatives Before Contract Award. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gittens BE (2009) Perceptions of the applicability of transformational leadership behavior to the leader role of academic department chairs: A study of selected universities in Virginia. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR N, Kishkovsky S (2015) Russian History Gets a Makeover That Starts With Ivan the Terrible. New York Times A4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Solow 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Coller and Kruglyak 2008; Solow 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Coller and Kruglyak 2008)
Three or more authors: (Chen et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of German and European Studies
Abbreviation	Asian J. Ger. Eur. Stud.
ISSN (online)	2199-4579
Scope