How to format your references using the Asian Journal of Anesthesiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asian Journal of Anesthesiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fortey RA. Evolution: retrospective. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002). Science. 2002;296(5575):1984.

A journal article with 2 authors

Giovannoni SJ, Stingl U. Molecular diversity and ecology of microbial plankton. Nature. 2005;437(7057):343-348.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ranganathan R, Cannon SC, Horvitz HR. MOD-1 is a serotonin-gated chloride channel that modulates locomotory behaviour in C. elegans. Nature. 2000;408(6811):470-475.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gegear RJ, Casselman A, Waddell S, Reppert SM. Cryptochrome mediates light-dependent magnetosensitivity in Drosophila. Nature. 2008;454(7207):1014-1018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kaschke M, Donnerhacke KH, Rill MS. Optical Devices in Ophthalmology and Optometry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2014.

An edited book

Fillinger S, Elad Y, eds. Botrytis – the Fungus, the Pathogen and Its Management in Agricultural Systems. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bertino E, Martino LD, Paci F, Squicciarini AC. Digital Identity Management and Trust Negotiation. In: Martino L, Paci F, Squicciarini A, eds. Security for Web Services and Service-Oriented Architectures. Springer; 2010:79-114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asian Journal of Anesthesiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Why We Mustn’t Assume Smoking And Drinking Only Leads To Certain Cancers. IFLScience. Published May 12, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-we-musn-t-assume-smoking-and-drinking-only-leads-certain-cancers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Bilingual Education: A New Look at the Research Evidence. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moreno S. Mother-Child Relationships: Females behind Bars and Their Children. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lyman R, Walsh MW. One City’s Return to Solvency Leaves Big Problem Unsolved. New York Times. December 6, 2013:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Asian Journal of Anesthesiology
ISSN (print)	2468-824X
Scope