How to format your references using the Asia Pacific Journal of Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asia Pacific Journal of Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rosenberg, S. A. (2001). Progress in human tumour immunology and immunotherapy. Nature, 411(6835), 380–384.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abraham, R. T., & Tibbetts, R. S. (2005). Cell biology. Guiding ATM to broken DNA. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5721), 510–511.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hinks, D. G., Claus, H., & Jorgensen, J. D. (2001). The complex nature of superconductivity in MgB2 as revealed by the reduced total isotope effect. Nature, 411(6836), 457–460.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Brinkmann, V., Reichard, U., Goosmann, C., Fauler, B., Uhlemann, Y., Weiss, D. S., Weinrauch, Y., & Zychlinsky, A. (2004). Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science (New York, N.Y.), 303(5663), 1532–1535.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. (2003). Guidelines for Analyzing and Managing the Security Vulnerabilities of Fixed Chemical Sites. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Camanho, P. P. (2008). Mechanical Response of Composites (C. G. Dávila, S. T. Pinho, & J. J. C. Remmers, Eds.; Vol. 10). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Mpakopoulou, M., Brotis, A. G., Gatos, H., Paterakis, K., & Fountas, K. N. (2012). Ten Years of Clinical Experience in the Use of Fixed-Pressure Versus Programmable Valves: A Retrospective Study of 159 Patients. In G. A. Aygok & H. L. Rekate (Eds.), Hydrocephalus: Selected Papers from the International Workshop in Crete, 2010 (pp. 25–28). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asia Pacific Journal of Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, July 2). The Genomic Revolution is Coming – and With it Some Big Dilemmas. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/genomic-revolution-coming-and-it-some-big-dilemmas/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). FBI: Advanced Communications Technologies Pose Wiretapping Challenges (IMTEC-92-68BR). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bubert, E. A. (2009). Highly extensible skin for a variable wing-span morphing aircraft utilizing pneumatic artificial muscle actuation [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. (2017, September 15). Flash Photography Allowed (When It’s Your Tour Guide). New York Times, A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rosenberg, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Abraham & Tibbetts, 2005; Rosenberg, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Abraham & Tibbetts, 2005)
Three authors: (Hinks et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Brinkmann et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Asia Pacific Journal of Education
ISSN (print)	0218-8791
ISSN (online)	1742-6855
Scope	Education

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