How to format your references using the Asia Pacific Family Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Asia Pacific Family Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Boosting biotech in Finland. Nature. 2004;431:1020–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kramer T, Wilson A. Making the move from physics to finance. Nature. 2003;425:220–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Alexander RB, Smith RA, Schwarz GE. Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico. Nature. 2000;403:758–61.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sharghi-Namini S, Tan E, Ong L-LS, Ge R, Asada HH. Dll4-containing exosomes induce capillary sprout retraction in a 3D microenvironment. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4031.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. The American Ceramic Society. Progress in Nanotechnology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

1. Alexandridis K. A. Weather Derivatives: Modeling and Pricing Weather-Related Risk. Zapranis AD, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Riehle KJ, Fausto N. Mechanisms of Liver Injury. In: Murray KF, Horslen S, editors. Diseases of the Liver in Children: Evaluation and Management. New York, NY: Springer; 2014. p. 67–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Asia Pacific Family Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Volcanic Eruptions Cooled Oceans For Centuries [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/volcanic-eruptions-cooled-oceans-centuries/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. New Chicago-Area Airport: Site Comparison, Selection Process, and Federal Funding. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Feb. Report No.: RCED-93-105.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Atchison J. Caregivers with sibling sets: A curriculum to increase contact and permanency for siblings in out-of-home care [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shultz GP, Aspe P. Nafta Needs An Update, Not Repeal. New York Times. 2017 Oct 16;A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Asia Pacific Family Medicine
Abbreviation	Asia Pac. Fam. Med.
ISSN (online)	1447-056X
Scope	Family Practice Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health