How to format your references using the Artificial Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Artificial Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

O. Gingerich, Year of astronomy: Mankind’s place in the Universe, Nature. 457 (2009) 28–29.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.J. Moore, G.A. Early, Cumulative sperm whale bone damage and the bends, Science. 306 (2004) 2215.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

F. Meng, X. Li, Y. Duan, Chip-based ingroove microplasma with orthogonal signal collection: new approach for carbon-containing species detection through open air reaction for performance enhancement, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4803.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

O. Alard, W.L. Griffin, J.P. Lorand, S.E. Jackson, S.Y. O’Reilly, Non-chondritic distribution of the highly siderophile elements in mantle sulphides, Nature. 407 (2000) 891–894.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

N.H. Chan, H.Y. Wong, Simulation Techniques in Financial Risk Management, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

B. Roynette, Penalising Brownian Paths, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Y. Babatunde, S.P. Low, Appraisal of the Relationships Between the Chinese and the Nigerian Construction Industries, in: S.P. Low (Ed.), Cross-Cultural Management and Quality Performance: Chinese Construction Firms in Nigeria, Springer, Singapore, 2015: pp. 59–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Artificial Intelligence.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, “The Beast” Asteroid Tracked As It Passed Earth By, IFLScience. (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/space/beast-asteroid-tracked-it-passed-earth/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Performance and Accountability Highlights Fiscal Year 2006, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

D.G. Manuel, Integrate or Innovate: Controlling Schedule Risk in Major Defense Acquisition Programs, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2019.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.W. Walsh, With Suit, Hedge Funds Seek to Freeze the Assets of a Top Puerto Rico Bank, New York Times. (2016) B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Artificial Intelligence
Abbreviation	Artif. Intell.
ISSN (print)	0004-3702
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Linguistics and Language