How to format your references using the Artificial Intelligence citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Artificial Intelligence. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

H. von Boehmer, Immunology. Thoracic thymus, exclusive no longer, Science 312 (2006) 206–207.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. Maruyama, M. Zochowski, Competition and cooperation between active intra-network and passive extra-network transport processes, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5269.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.R. Neves, P.T. Ram, R. Iyengar, G protein pathways, Science 296 (2002) 1636–1639.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P. Boucher, M. Gotthardt, W.-P. Li, R.G.W. Anderson, J. Herz, LRP: role in vascular wall integrity and protection from atherosclerosis, Science 300 (2003) 329–332.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R. Stone, J.D. Gutiérrez-Albilla, A Companion to Luis Buñuel, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

M. Di Bitetto, A. Chymis, P. D’Anselmi, eds., Public Management as Corporate Social Responsibility: The Economic Bottom Line of Government, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A.S. Shcheglov, P.A. Zhulidov, E.A. Bogdanova, D.A. Shagin, Normalization of cDNA Libraries, in: A.A. Buzdin, S.A. Lukyanov (Eds.), Nucleic Acids Hybridization Modern Applications, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2007: pp. 97–124.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Artificial Intelligence.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Smoking Is More Dangerous For People With HIV Than The Virus Itself, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Health and Human Services’ Estimate of Health Care Cost Savings Resulting from the Use of Information Technology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T.W. Winton, Student and Teacher Perceptions of Standards-based Grading and Student Performance, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Crow, A Little Deli Goes the Way Of So Many In the City, New York Times (2002) 147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Artificial Intelligence
Abbreviation	Artif. Intell.
ISSN (print)	0004-3702
Scope	Language and Linguistics Artificial Intelligence Linguistics and Language