How to format your references using the Arthropod Structure and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arthropod Structure and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deary, I., 2008. Why do intelligent people live longer? Nature 456, 175–176.

A journal article with 2 authors

Riskin, D.K., Hermanson, J.W., 2005. Biomechanics: independent evolution of running in vampire bats. Nature 434, 292.

A journal article with 3 authors

Queitsch, C., Sangster, T.A., Lindquist, S., 2002. Hsp90 as a capacitor of phenotypic variation. Nature 417, 618–624.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Morth, J.P., Pedersen, B.P., Toustrup-Jensen, M.S., Sørensen, T.L.-M., Petersen, J., Andersen, J.P., Vilsen, B., Nissen, P., 2007. Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump. Nature 450, 1043–1049.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heitz, E., Kreysa, G., 2005. Grundlagen der Technischen Elektrochemie. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Toussaint, L., Worthington, E., Williams, D.R. (Eds.), 2015. Forgiveness and Health: Scientific Evidence and Theories Relating Forgiveness to Better Health, 1st ed. 2015. ed. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Silano, M., Gentile, E.W., Marinozzi, G., Cerno, G., Trecca, A., 2012. Ileoscopy in Coeliac Disease, in: Trecca, A. (Ed.), Ileoscopy: Technique, Diagnosis, and Clinical Applications. Springer, Milano, pp. 31–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arthropod Structure and Development.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Scientists Find World’s Oldest Fossilized Sperm In Antarctica [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-find-world-s-oldest-fossilized-sperm-antarctica/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Uncertainties Surrounding IRS’ Fiscal Year 1992 Budget Request for Tax System Modernization (No. T-IMTEC-91-4). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Osterhout, H.L., 2010. No More “Mad Money”: Salvaging the Commander’s Emergency Response Program (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W., 2012. Bankruptcy In California Is Not Seen As a Trend. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Deary, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Deary, 2008; Riskin and Hermanson, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Riskin and Hermanson, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Morth et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arthropod Structure and Development
ISSN (print)	1467-8039
Scope