How to format your references using the Arthropod Structure and Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arthropod Structure and Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pasachoff, J.M., 2012. Transit of Venus: Last chance to see. Nature 485, 303–304.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beagle, S.D., Lockless, S.W., 2015. Microbiology: Electrical signalling goes bacterial. Nature 527, 44–45.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lederer, W.J., Hagen, B.M., Zhao, G., 2012. Cell biology. Superresolution subspace signaling. Science 336, 546–547.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ferraro, F.R., Beccari, G., Dalessandro, E., Lanzoni, B., Sills, A., Rood, R.T., Pecci, F.F., Karakas, A.I., Miocchi, P., Bovinelli, S., 2009. Two distinct sequences of blue straggler stars in the globular cluster M 30. Nature 462, 1028–1031.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Qiu, R.G., 2014. Service Science. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Feng, C., 2016. China’s Changing Legal System: Lawyers & Judges on Civil & Criminal Law. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Singh, K., Jain, A., Singh, D., 2014. Satsang: A Culture Specific Effective Practice for Well-Being, in: Águeda Marujo, H., Neto, L.M. (Eds.), Positive Nations and Communities: Collective, Qualitative and Cultural-Sensitive Processes in Positive Psychology, Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 79–100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arthropod Structure and Development.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2015. Russia’s Largest Private Science Funder Shuts Down After Kremlin Labels It A “Foreign Agent” [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/russias-largest-private-science-foundation-shuts-after-kremlin-labels-it-foreign-agent/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2003. Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes (No. GAO-04-214R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Calhoun, G.F., 2009. Limit theory for overfit models (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY, J.C., Jr, 2017. 24 Years Later, DNA Leads To Arrest in Attack on Girl. New York Times A29.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pasachoff, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Beagle and Lockless, 2015; Pasachoff, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Beagle and Lockless, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Ferraro et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arthropod Structure and Development
ISSN (print)	1467-8039
Scope