How to format your references using the Arthroplasty Today citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arthroplasty Today. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Frey PA. Enzymology. Coenzymes and radicals. Science 2001;294:2489–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Miller MW, Williams ES. Prion disease: horizontal prion transmission in mule deer. Nature 2003;425:35–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Yamada T, Dautry A, Walport M. Ready for avian flu? Nature 2008;454:162.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Faith JT, Tryon CA, Brooks AS, Yellen JE, et al. Environmental dynamics during the onset of the Middle Stone Age in eastern Africa. Science 2018;360:86–90.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Yakushevich LV. Nonlinear Physics of DNA. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Klügl F, Ossowski S, editors. Multiagent System Technologies: 9th German Conference, MATES 2011, Berlin, Germany, October 6-7, 2011. Proceedings. vol. 6973. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Görlach A. Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species. In: Melillo G, editor. Hypoxia and Cancer: Biological Implications and Therapeutic Opportunities, New York, NY: Springer; 2014, p. 65–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arthroplasty Today.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. What’s The Stickiest Object In The Solar System? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/ceres-could-be-stickiest-object-solar-system/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Freight Railroads: Electronic Supplement on Rates and Other Industry Trends, 1985-2005 (GAO-07-292SP), an E-supplement to GAO-07-291R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Johnson A. Instructional Practices in Physical Education Programs for Students with Disabilities. Doctoral dissertation. Northcentral University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Eligon J, Kovaleski SF, Coscarelli J. Pain and Pills, and Help Too Late to Save Prince. New York Times 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Arthroplasty Today
Abbreviation	Arthroplast. Today
ISSN (print)	2352-3441
Scope