How to format your references using the Arctic Environmental Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic Environmental Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seliktar D (2012) Designing cell-compatible hydrogels for biomedical applications. Science (New York, N.Y.) 336: 1124–1128.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tseng C-K, Cheng S-C (2008) Both catalytic steps of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing are reversible. Science (New York, N.Y.) 320: 1782–1784.

A journal article with 3 authors

Post DM, Pace ML, Hairston NG Jr (2000) Ecosystem size determines food-chain length in lakes. Nature 405: 1047–1049.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Himmel ME, Ding S-Y, Johnson DK, Adney WS, Nimlos MR, Brady JW, Foust TD (2007) Biomass recalcitrance: engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production. Science (New York, N.Y.) 315: 804–807.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saliba AJ, Corona JC, Johnson KE (2010) Option Spread Strategies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Hancock ER, Wilson RC, Windeatt T, Ulusoy I, Escolano F (Eds) (2010) 6218 Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition: Joint IAPR International Workshop, SSPR&SPR 2010, Cesme, Izmir, Turkey, August 18-20, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XV, 758 p. 246 illus pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Miyamoto H, Arai M, Kawarada H, Fujimori N, Yoshida S, Shinohe T, Hiraki A, Hiraki H, Koinuma H, Katayama M (2007) Electronic Devices. In: Takahashi K, Yoshikawa A, Sandhu A (Eds), Wide Bandgap Semiconductors: Fundamental Properties and Modern Photonic and Electronic Devices. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 231–280.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic Environmental Research.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) How Did The Moon Form? IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/moons-formation-not-so-unlikely/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Digests of Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. II, No. 5. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mcfarlane N (2010) Information power efficiency tradeoffs in mixed signal CMOS circuits. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) For Justices, Another Day On Detainees. New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Seliktar 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Tseng and Cheng 2008, Seliktar 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tseng and Cheng 2008)
Three or more authors: (Himmel et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic Environmental Research
ISSN (print)	2541-8416
ISSN (online)	2658-7173
Scope