How to format your references using the Arctic citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arctic. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Taylor, P. 2008. Personal genomes: when consent gets in the way. Nature 456(7218):32–33.

A journal article with 2 authors

McPherson, M.S., and Schapiro, M.O. 2003. Education. Funding roller coaster for public higher education. Science (New York, N.Y.) 302(5648):1157.

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins, S.H., Wiggin, M.B., and Sawicki, G.S. 2015. Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton. Nature 522(7555):212–215.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Schumer, M., Xu, C., Powell, D.L., Durvasula, A., Skov, L., Holland, C., Blazier, J.C., et al. 2018. Natural selection interacts with recombination to shape the evolution of hybrid genomes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 360(6389):656–660.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kunz, W. 2016. Species Conservation in Managed Habitats. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Degano, P., and Gorrieri, R. (Eds.). 2009. Computational Methods in Systems Biology: 7th International Conference, CMSB 2009, Bologna, Italy, August 31-September 1, 2009. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Addy, P., and Webb, D. 2011. Energy Saving Technologies for Conventional Dwellings – A ‘Whole House’ Concept. In: Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C., and Lee, S.H., eds., Sustainability in Energy and Buildings: Results of the Second International Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings (SEB’10), Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 45–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arctic.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. 2016. Underground Methane Is Making The Russian Tundra Wobble Like Jello., IFLScience.

URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/underground-methane-is-making-the-russian-tundra-wobble-like-jello/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1982. DOD Instruction 5000.5X, Standard Instruction Set Architectures for Embedded Computers. No. MASAD-82-16. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arnold, D.M. 2017. An Examination of Job Satisfaction Among Full-Time Faculty in a Selected Mississippi Community College. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. 2017. The Skyjacker’s Tale., New York Times C8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Taylor, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (McPherson and Schapiro, 2003; Taylor, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (McPherson and Schapiro, 2003)
Three or more authors: (Schumer et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arctic
ISSN (print)	0004-0843
ISSN (online)	1923-1245
Scope