How to format your references using the Archives of Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Scalapino DJ. Physics. This coincidence cannot be accidental. Science. 2008;319:1492–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ekström G, Stark CP. Simple scaling of catastrophic landslide dynamics. Science. 2013;339:1416–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wang QD, Gotthelf EV, Lang CC. A faint discrete source origin for the highly ionized iron emission from the Galactic Centre region. Nature. 2002;415:148–50.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zhang H, Gilbert B, Huang F, Banfield JF. Water-driven structure transformation in nanoparticles at room temperature. Nature. 2003;424:1025–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Schwartz P, Kempner M. 50 Great Myths of Human Sexuality. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Suárez JC, Garrido R, Balona LA, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, editors. Stellar Pulsations: Impact of New Instrumentation and New Insights. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Köse U, Arslan A. Design and Development of a Chaos-Based Image Encryption System. In: Banerjee S, Erçetin ŞŞ, editors. Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2012. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 23–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Public Health.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Discover Strange New “Butterfly-Headed” Pterosaur Species [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-discover-strange-new-butterfly-headed-pterosaur-species/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety: Monitoring Practices To Show Compliance With Speed Limits Should Be Reexamined. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 Mar. Report No.: T-RCED-88-29.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Luse KM. Invariants of knots, graphs, and Feynman diagrams [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Justices to Hear Exxon’s Challenge to Punitive Damages. New York Times. 2007 Oct 30;C5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Public Health
Abbreviation	Arch. Public Health
ISSN (online)	2049-3258
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health