How to format your references using the Archives of Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Wigzell H. Science in Europe. Framework programmes evolve. Science. 2002;295:443–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Zeng L, Song R. Controlling chloride ions diffusion in concrete. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3359.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Acquisti C, Kleffe J, Collins S. Oxygen content of transmembrane proteins over macroevolutionary time scales. Nature. 2007;445:47–52.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Goodge JW, Vervoort JD, Fanning CM, Brecke DM, Farmer GL, Williams IS, et al. A positive test of East Antarctica-Laurentia juxtaposition within the Rodinia supercontinent. Science. 2008;321:235–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Wood P. Western Art and the Wider World. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Di Bitetto M, Chymis A, D’Anselmi P, editors. Public Management as Corporate Social Responsibility: The Economic Bottom Line of Government. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Uzan J-P, Leclercq B. Planning the edifice: structure of theories. In: Leclercq B, editor. The Natural Laws of the Universe: Understanding Fundamental Constants. New York, NY: Praxis; 2008. p. 37–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Public Health.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Eating Fish Linked To A Lower Risk Of Depression [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/eating-fish-linked-decrease-risk-depression/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Space Operations: Archiving Space Science Data Needs Further Management Improvements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Dec. Report No.: NSIAD-94-25.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Gary M. Home Range and Habitat Use of Juvenile Green Turtles in a Shallow Tidal Environment [Doctoral dissertation]. [Boca Raton, FL]: Florida Atlantic University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2017 Oct 6;MM18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Public Health
Abbreviation	Arch. Public Health
ISSN (online)	2049-3258
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health