How to format your references using the Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hahn R (2013) Ronald Harry Coase (1910-2013). Nature 502:449

A journal article with 2 authors

Meyer JR, Kassen R (2007) The effects of competition and predation on diversification in a model adaptive radiation. Nature 446:432–435

A journal article with 3 authors

Ackermann M, Stearns SC, Jenal U (2003) Senescence in a bacterium with asymmetric division. Science 300:1920

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Varaldi J, Fouillet P, Ravallec M, et al (2003) Infectious behavior in a parasitoid. Science 302:1930

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Means RS (2010) Green Building: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Bárcena E, Read T, Arús J (2014) Languages for Specific Purposes in the Digital Era. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Kress B (2009) Neurolues. In: Hähnel S (ed) Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 71–74

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

Blog post

Luntz S (2017) Asteroid Seen Spinning Itself Into Pieces. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/asteroid-seen-spinning-itself-into-pieces/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1977) Space Transportation System: Past, Present, Future. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miles CS (2015) Elicitation of a Program’s Behaviors. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Valerian S (2013) For a Brown, the Comeback Trail Leads Home. New York Times B17

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
Abbreviation	Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg.
ISSN (print)	0936-8051
ISSN (online)	1434-3916
Scope	Surgery General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine