How to format your references using the Archives of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lepenies W. Cultures of knowledge. Nature. 2001;410(6829):629-630.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wickens M, Kwak JE. Molecular biology. A tail tale for U. Science. 2008;319(5868):1344-1345.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baum P, Yang DS, Zewail AH. 4D visualization of transitional structures in phase transformations by electron diffraction. Science. 2007;318(5851):788-792.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Perrings C, Naeem S, Ahrestani F, et al. Conservation. Ecosystem services for 2020. Science. 2010;330(6002):323-324.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Braudeau E, Assi AT, Mohtar RH. Hydrostructural Pedology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Berr F, Oyama T, Ponchon T, Yahagi N, eds. Early Neoplasias of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Therapeutic Decisions. Springer US; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Novak JM, Armstrong DE, Browne B. Managing and Mentoring your Educational Self. In: Armstrong DE, Browne B, eds. Leading For Educational Lives: Inviting and Sustaining Imaginative Acts of Hope in a Connected World. SensePublishers; 2014:53-67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Biggest Sticking Point In Paris Climate Talks: Money. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Routine Disclosure of Broadcaster Financial Records. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Joseph S. A Comprehensive Evaluation of a School System’s Grow Your Own Principal Preparation Program. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG. In New Digital Comics, Each Tap Holds a Surprise. New York Times. May 31, 2012:F5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	Arch. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0003-9926
ISSN (online)	1538-3679
Scope	Internal Medicine