How to format your references using the Archives of Hand and Microsurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Hand and Microsurgery (AHM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barinaga M. SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY: Look Before You Leap. Science. 2000;289(5487):2028.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thompson KH, Orvig C. Boon and bane of metal ions in medicine. Science. 2003;300(5621):936–939.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cochran ES, Vidale JE, Tanaka S. Earth tides can trigger shallow thrust fault earthquakes. Science. 2004;306(5699):1164–1166.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jarecki BW, Makino S-I, Beebe ET, Fox BG, Chanda B. Function of Shaker potassium channels produced by cell-free translation upon injection into Xenopus oocytes. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1040.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boberski V. Community Banking Strategies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Cachin C. Introduction to Reliable and Secure Distributed Programming. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Blackwell J, Martin J. Linguistic Points. In: Martin J, editor. A Scientific Approach to Scientific Writing. 2011. New York, NY: Springer. p. 63–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Hand and Microsurgery.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Artificial Cells Just Passed The Turing Test By Tricking Bacteria Into Thinking They Were Alive. IFLScience. 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/artificial-just-passed-the-chemical-turing-test/. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Status of FAA’s Modernization Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bearden A. Exploring the Congruency between Mission and Practice in a Pre-K-12, Midwestern, Christian School. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Feeling Low, But Standing Together. New York Times. 2011;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
ISSN (print)	2586-3290
ISSN (online)	2586-3533
Scope