How to format your references using the Arachnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arachnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

SAVAGE, N. 2015: Metastasis: Resistance fighters. Nature 528: S128-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

LORING, J.F. & C. CAMPBELL 2006: Science and law. Intellectual property and human embryonic stem cell research. Science (New York, N.Y.) 311: 1716–1717.

A journal article with 3 authors

MEYLAN, E., J. TSCHOPP & M. KARIN 2006: Intracellular pattern recognition receptors in the host response. Nature 442: 39–44.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

ODA, T., M. IWASA, T. AIHARA, Y. MAÉDA & A. NARITA 2009: The nature of the globular- to fibrous-actin transition. Nature 457: 441–445.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

BONNEAU, D., A. FATU & D. SOUCHET 2014: Mixed Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

YOSHIDA, T., G. KOU, A. SKOWRON, J. CAO, H. HACID & N. ZHONG eds. 2013: 8210 Active Media Technology: 9th International Conference, AMT 2013, Maebashi, Japan, October 29-31, 2013, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

HUNSUCKER, S.A., B.S. MITCHELL & J. SPYCHALA 2007: Nucleotidases and Nucleoside Analog Cytotoxicity. In: G. J. Peters (Ed), Deoxynucleoside Analogs In Cancer Therapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 81–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arachnology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2015: How Music Can Help Relieve Chronic Pain. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-music-can-help-relieve-chronic-pain/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 1975: Opportunities for Improving Computerized Civilian Payroll Processing Operations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

CLARK, B.M. 2013: Faculty Perceptions of the Importance of Internationalizing the General Education Curriculum in the Florida College System. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

GREENHOUSE, L. 2006: justices uphold most remapping in texas by g.o.p. New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Loring & Campbell 2006; Savage 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Loring & Campbell 2006)
Three or more authors: (Oda et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arachnology
ISSN (print)	2050-9928
ISSN (online)	2050-9936
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science