How to format your references using the Arachnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arachnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

SACHS, J. 2009: Recession Watch: Boost the developing world. Nature 457: 958.

A journal article with 2 authors

FLETCHER, D.A. & R.D. MULLINS 2010: Cell mechanics and the cytoskeleton. Nature 463: 485–492.

A journal article with 3 authors

MORRIS, R.J., O.T. LEWIS & H.C.J. GODFRAY 2004: Experimental evidence for apparent competition in a tropical forest food web. Nature 428: 310–313.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

GÜBELI, R.J., K. SCHÖNEWEIS, D. HUZLY, M. EHRBAR, G. CHARPIN-EL HAMRI, M.D. EL-BABA, S. URBAN & W. WEBER 2013: Pharmacologically triggered hydrogel for scheduling hepatitis B vaccine administration. Scientific reports 3: 2610.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

SCHWEDT, G. 2009: Chemie und Literatur - ein ungewöhnlicher Flirt. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

BARBÉ, E., O. COSTA & R. KISSACK eds. 2016: EU Policy Responses to a Shifting Multilateral System. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

A chapter in an edited book

LEPPERDINGER, G. 2016: Ageing of the Stem Cells: The Conjoined Twosome Growing Old: Stem Cell and Its Niche. In: S. I. S. Rattan and L. Hayflick (Eds), Cellular Ageing and Replicative Senescence. Healthy Ageing and Longevity. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 71–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arachnology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2015: New Study Finds Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated With Brain Abnormalities. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/new-study-finds-daily-marijuana-use-not-associated-brain-changes/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 1980: Review of Selected Computer System Procurements. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

STEPHENS, B.S. 2017: Understanding CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Activation by CXC Chemokine Ligand 12. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

VECSEY, G. 2010: Super Bowl Champion Jets Ignited A Sporting Revival in the Big Town. New York Times: SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sachs 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Fletcher & Mullins 2010; Sachs 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fletcher & Mullins 2010)
Three or more authors: (Gübeli et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arachnology
ISSN (print)	2050-9928
ISSN (online)	2050-9936
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science