How to format your references using the Arachnology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arachnology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

ROCHMYANINGSIH, D. 2015: Focus on political Islamic groups to boost science. Nature 518: 457.

A journal article with 2 authors

SCHWÄMMLE, V. & H.J. HERRMANN 2003: Geomorphology: solitary wave behaviour of sand dunes. Nature 426: 619–620.

A journal article with 3 authors

ZHANG, C., Y.-P. YANG & Y.-W. DUAN 2014: Pollen sensitivity to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) suggests floral structure evolution in alpine plants. Scientific reports 4: 4520.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

THIBERT, C., M.-A. TEILLET, F. LAPOINTE, L. MAZELIN, N.M. LE DOUARIN & P. MEHLEN 2003: Inhibition of neuroepithelial patched-induced apoptosis by sonic hedgehog. Science (New York, N.Y.) 301: 843–846.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

ALLAN, D. & N. BRAGG 2012: 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging Design and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

KARIN, M. ed. 2011: 349 NF-kB in Health and Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

ALMEIDA, J.B., M.J. FRADE, J.S. PINTO & S. MELO DE SOUSA 2011: First-Order Logic. In: M. J. Frade, J. S. Pinto, and S. Melo de Sousa (Eds), Rigorous Software Development: An Introduction to Program Verification. Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science. Springer, London, pp. 81–128.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arachnology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2015: Sugar Isn’t Just Empty, Fattening Calories – It’s Making Us Sick. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/sugar-isn-t-just-empty-fattening-calories-it-s-making-us-sick/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 2011: International Space Station: Approaches for Ensuring Utilization through 2020 Are Reasonable but Should Be Revisited as NASA Gains More Knowledge of On-Orbit Performance. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

LUNA, D. 2014: Preventing obesity among foster youth through nutrition and outdoor activities: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

DOMINUS, S. 2016: In and Out of the Spotlight, a Mother-Daughter Act for the Ages. New York Times: A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rochmyaningsih 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Rochmyaningsih 2015; Schwämmle & Herrmann 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schwämmle & Herrmann 2003)
Three or more authors: (Thibert et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Arachnology
ISSN (print)	2050-9928
ISSN (online)	2050-9936
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science