How to format your references using the Arachne citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Arachne. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donnelly, C.A. (2000): Likely size of the French BSE epidemic. Nature (408)6814: 787–788.

A journal article with 2 authors

Awasthi, A. & V.K. Kuchroo (2009): Immunology. The yin and yang of follicular helper T cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) (325)5943: 953–955.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lind, P.A., O.G. Berg, et al. (2010): Mutational robustness of ribosomal protein genes. Science (New York, N.Y.) (330)6005: 825–827.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Burchardt, S., V.R. Troll, et al. (2013): Ardnamurchan 3D cone-sheet architecture explained by a single elongate magma chamber. Scientific reports (3): 2891.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Khan, R.M. (2013): Problem Solving and Data Analysis using Minitab. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Fan, X. ed. (2009): Advanced Photonic Structures for Biological and Chemical Detection. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

VanderZaag, A., B. Amon, et al. (2015): Ammonia Abatement with Manure Storage and Processing Techniques. In: S. Reis, C. Howard, and M. A. Sutton (Eds), Costs of Ammonia Abatement and the Climate Co-Benefits. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 75–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Arachne.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016): Objects Chucked Down A 300-Year-Old Toilet Give A Timeline Of American History. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/objects-chucked-down-a-300yearold-toilet-give-a-timeline-of-american-history/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978): Review of NASA’s Solicitation for the Leasing of Office Space in the Houston, Texas, Area. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez, S.S. (2013): Professionals’ perceptions of effective interventions with elderly hoarders. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Welles, L. & J. Leland (2017): Coney Island, Ever Changing. New York Times: MB7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Arachne
ISSN (print)	1613-2688
Scope