How to format your references using the Computing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jaenike J (2007) Comment on “Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services.” Science 316:1285; author reply 1285

A journal article with 2 authors

Hoveyda AH, Zhugralin AR (2007) The remarkable metal-catalysed olefin metathesis reaction. Nature 450:243–251

A journal article with 3 authors

Joughin I, Abdalati W, Fahnestock M (2004) Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland’s Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier. Nature 432:608–610

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Li L, Thomas RM, Suzuki H, et al (2004) A small molecule Smac mimic potentiates TRAIL- and TNFalpha-mediated cell death. Science 305:1471–1474

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ciana P (2011) New Frontiers in Technical Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Tatnall A, Blyth T, Johnson R (2013) Making the History of Computing Relevant: IFIP WG 9.7 International Conference, HC 2013, London, UK, June 17-18, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Richichi A (2008) Stellar Diameters: Breaking the Barriers. In: Richichi A, Delplancke F, Paresce F, Chelli A (eds) The Power of Optical/IR Interferometry: Recent Scientific Results and 2nd Generation Instrumentation: Proceedings of the ESO Workshop held in Garching, Germany, 4-8 April 2005. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 31–42

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computing.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Common Science Myths That Most People Believe. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Aircraft Certification: Limited Progress on Developing International Design Standards. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia M (2009) Perception of Latino students by teachers and counselors in the educational system. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2002) Abingdon Square Park: Small Site, Never-Ending Debate. New York Times 148

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computing
ISSN (print)	0010-485X
ISSN (online)	1436-5057
Scope	Computational Theory and Mathematics Computer Science Applications Software Computational Mathematics Numerical Analysis Theoretical Computer Science

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