How to format your references using the Applied Water Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Water Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scheeres DJ (2014) Solar system: Sandcastles in space. Nature 512:139–140

A journal article with 2 authors

Truitt WA, Coolen LM (2002) Identification of a potential ejaculation generator in the spinal cord. Science 297:1566–1569

A journal article with 3 authors

Nelson WA, McCauley E, Wrona FJ (2005) Stage-structured cycles promote genetic diversity in a predator-prey system of Daphnia and algae. Nature 433:413–417

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Yin H, Pruyne D, Huffaker TC, Bretscher A (2000) Myosin V orientates the mitotic spindle in yeast. Nature 406:1013–1015

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Seyfried TN (2012) Cancer as a Metabolic Disease. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Olivi G, Olivi M (eds) (2015) Lasers in Restorative Dentistry: A Practical Guide. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kittinger R, Bender J (2015) Methods for Determining the Role of Fatigue and Cognitive Load on Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) Performance in the Field. In: Schmorrow DD, Fidopiastis CM (eds) Foundations of Augmented Cognition: 9th International Conference, AC 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 36–43

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Water Science.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Archeologists Unearth The Gate Of An Ancient Biblical City. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/archaeologists-unearth-entrance-gate-and-fortifications-biblical-city-gath/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) Drug Control: Status of Plan to Use Federal Research and Development Facilities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ichiyama J (2014) Early goal-directed therapy in adult septic patients. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M (2010) For the Boots of Fall, Fur Rules. New York Times E6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Scheeres 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Truitt and Coolen 2002; Scheeres 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Truitt and Coolen 2002)
Three or more authors: (Yin et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Water Science
Abbreviation	Appl. Water Sci.
ISSN (print)	2190-5487
ISSN (online)	2190-5495
Scope	Water Science and Technology