How to format your references using the Applied Water Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Water Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Debije M (2015) Renewable energy: better luminescent solar panels in prospect. Nature 519:298–299

A journal article with 2 authors

Evans EA, Calderwood DA (2007) Forces and bond dynamics in cell adhesion. Science 316:1148–1153

A journal article with 3 authors

Canestrelli D, Bisconti R, Nascetti G (2014) Extensive unidirectional introgression between two salamander lineages of ancient divergence and its evolutionary implications. Sci Rep 4:6516

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Alsdorf DE, Melack JM, Dunne T, et al (2000) Interferometric radar measurements of water level changes on the Amazon flood plain. Nature 404:174–177

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hossler FE (2014) Ultrastructure Atlas of Human Tissues. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Acharjya DP, Dehuri S, Sanyal S (eds) (2015) Computational Intelligence for Big Data Analysis: Frontier Advances and Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Haney K (2006) Improvisation in the Dance of Life: the Microcosm and Macrocosm. In: Tymieniecka A-T (ed) Islamic Philosophy and Occidental Phenomenology on the Perennial Issue of Microcosm and Macrocosm. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 97–111

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Water Science.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) High Court Rules Breast Cancer Gene Cannot Be Patented. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/high-court-rules-breast-cancer-gene-cannot-be-patented/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) NASA: Agency Faces Challenges Defining Scope and Costs of Space Shuttle Transition and Retirement. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parajuli B (2014) Students’ Motivations towards Volunteerism: A Comparative Study of the United States and Nepal. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2012) Russia: 2 Arrested After Band’s Protest At Moscow Cathedral to Remain Jailed. New York Times A10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Debije 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Evans and Calderwood 2007; Debije 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Evans and Calderwood 2007)
Three or more authors: (Alsdorf et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Water Science
Abbreviation	Appl. Water Sci.
ISSN (print)	2190-5487
ISSN (online)	2190-5495
Scope	Water Science and Technology