How to format your references using the Applied Spectroscopy Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Spectroscopy Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rubbia, C. (2011) Simon van der Meer (1925-2011). Nature 472 (7342): 170.

A journal article with 2 authors

Behnia, R., and Munro, S. (2005) Organelle identity and the signposts for membrane traffic. Nature 438 (7068): 597–604.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harley, H. E., Putman, E. A., and Roitblat, H. L. (2003) Bottlenose dolphins perceive object features through echolocation. Nature 424 (6949): 667–669.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sen, D., Balakrishnan, B., Gabriel, N., Agrawal, P., Roshini, V., Samuel, R., Srivastava, A., and Jayandharan, G. R. (2013) Improved adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1 and 5 vectors for gene therapy. Sci. Rep. 3: 1832.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Minoli, D. (2004) A Networking Approach to Grid Computing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Pfeifer, T., and Bellavista, P. eds. (2009) Wired-Wireless Multimedia Networks and Services Management: 12th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Management of Multimedia and Mobile Networks and Services, MMNS 2009, Venice, Italy, October 26-27, 2009. Proceedings. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Rogers, E. S., and MacDonald-Wilson, K. L. (2011) Vocational Capacity among Individuals with Mental Health Disabilities. In Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health, Schultz, I.Z., Rogers, E.S., Eds., Springer: New York, NY, pp 73–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Spectroscopy Reviews.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015) How Smartphones Can Lead The Fight Against Air Pollution. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-smartphones-can-lead-fight-against-air-pollution/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991) Arts Funding: Public Funding Profiles of the NEA States and Cities. (GGD-92-35FS).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alsobrook, J. A. (2013) Music Education in America: A Content Analysis and National Perspective of Standards-Based Outcomes for K–8 General Music (Doctoral dissertation), Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2008) Justices Block New Hearing for Mexican. New York Times: A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Spectroscopy Reviews
Abbreviation	Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0570-4928
ISSN (online)	1520-569X
Scope	Spectroscopy Instrumentation