How to format your references using the Applied Spectroscopy Reviews citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Spectroscopy Reviews. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boughman, J. (2007) Great expectations. Nature 447 (7145): 752.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frenking, G., and Holzmann, N. (2012) Chemistry. A boron-boron triple bond. Science 336 (6087): 1394–1395.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hurst, L. D., Feil, E. J., and Rocha, E. P. C. (2006) Protein evolution: causes of trends in amino-acid gain and loss. Nature 442 (7105): E11-2; discussion E12.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Johansson, P., Hall, L., Sikström, S., and Olsson, A. (2005) Failure to detect mismatches between intention and outcome in a simple decision task. Science 310 (5745): 116–119.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Petrucelli, J. R., and Peters, J. R. (2016) Preventing Fraud and Mismanagement in Government. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Sarma, M. (2014) Phoneme-Based Speech Segmentation using Hybrid Soft Computing Framework. Sarma, K.K., Ed. Springer India: New Delhi.

A chapter in an edited book

Michalak, T., Engwerda, J., Plasmans, J., van Aarle, B., and Di Bartolomeo, G. (2008) Models of Endogenous Coalition Formation Between Fiscal and Monetary Authorities in the Presence of a Monetary Union. In Quantitative Economic Policy: Essays in Honour of Andrew Hughes Hallett, Neck, R., Richter, C., Mooslechner, P., Eds., Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 103–136.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Spectroscopy Reviews.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015) Star Trek Actress Nichelle Nichols Confirms She Will Fly In A NASA Mission Later This Year. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/star-trek-actress-nichelle-nichols-confirms-she-will-fly-nasa-mission-later-year/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016) Intelligent Transportation Systems: Urban and Rural Transit Providers Reported Benefits but Face Deployment Challenges. (GAO-16-638).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rouhani, M. (2013) Overdose prevention and naloxone distribution: A grant project (Doctoral dissertation), California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Casey, N., and MacKENNA, E. (2016) Doomed Jet’s Pilot Said to Have Reported ‘Fuel Emergency’. New York Times: A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Spectroscopy Reviews
Abbreviation	Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0570-4928
ISSN (online)	1520-569X
Scope	Spectroscopy Instrumentation