How to format your references using the Applied Research in Quality of Life citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Research in Quality of Life. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler, A. (2011). Archaeology. Preserving history, one hill at a time. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6063), 1623.

A journal article with 2 authors

Eom, Y.-H., & Jo, H.-H. (2014). Generalized friendship paradox in complex networks: the case of scientific collaboration. Scientific reports, 4, 4603.

A journal article with 3 authors

Visel, A., Rubin, E. M., & Pennacchio, L. A. (2009). Genomic views of distant-acting enhancers. Nature, 461(7261), 199–205.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Nishimura, Y., Bortnik, J., Li, W., Thorne, R. M., Lyons, L. R., Angelopoulos, V., et al. (2010). Identifying the driver of pulsating aurora. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6000), 81–84.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kim, D. M. (2015). Introductory Quantum Mechanics for Applied Nanotechnology. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Purshouse, R. C., Fleming, P. J., Fonseca, C. M., Greco, S., & Shaw, J. (Eds.). (2013). Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization: 7th International Conference, EMO 2013, Sheffield, UK, March 19-22, 2013. Proceedings (Vol. 7811). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Backhaus, J. G. (2006). The Word of Honour. In J. G. Backhaus & W. Drechsler (Eds.), Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): Economy and Society (pp. 87–109). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Research in Quality of Life.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, September 17). Decriminalise Use Of Medical Marijuana And Legalise Small-Scale Cultivation. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/decriminalise-use-of-medical-marijuana-and-legalise-smallscale-cultivation/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Inadequacies in Data Processing Planning in the Department of the Interior (No. FGMSD-78-41). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hughes, L. L. (2010). The principalship: Preparation programs and the self-efficacy of principals (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B. (2017, January 30). For Men’s Title Match, Fans Reach Deep Into Their Pockets. New York Times, p. D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lawler 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Eom and Jo 2014; Lawler 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Eom and Jo 2014)
Three or more authors: (Nishimura et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Research in Quality of Life
Abbreviation	Appl. Res. Qual. Life
ISSN (print)	1871-2584
ISSN (online)	1871-2576
Scope	Life-span and Life-course Studies