How to format your references using the Applied Research in Quality of Life citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Research in Quality of Life. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bullock, R. M. (2013). Chemistry. Abundant metals give precious hydrogenation performance. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6162), 1054–1055.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wiest, O., & Helquist, P. (2011). Chemistry. Striking a balance to control stereochemistry. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6051), 1831–1832.

A journal article with 3 authors

Deana, A., Celesnik, H., & Belasco, J. G. (2008). The bacterial enzyme RppH triggers messenger RNA degradation by 5’ pyrophosphate removal. Nature, 451(7176), 355–358.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Islahudin, F., Tindall, S. M., Mellor, I. R., Swift, K., Christensen, H. E. M., Fone, K. C. F., et al. (2014). The antimalarial drug quinine interferes with serotonin biosynthesis and action. Scientific reports, 4, 3618.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McCrary, S. A. (2009). Mastering Financial Accounting Essentials. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Leucker, M. (Ed.). (2008). Runtime Verification: 8th International Workshop, RV 2008, Budapest, Hungary, March 30, 2008. Selected Papers (Vol. 5289). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Micciancio, D., & Regev, O. (2009). Lattice-based Cryptography. In D. J. Bernstein, J. Buchmann, & E. Dahmen (Eds.), Post-Quantum Cryptography (pp. 147–191). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Research in Quality of Life.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, November 9). Young Planetary Systems Caught Forming In Amazing New Images. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/young-planetary-systems-caught-forming-in-amazing-new-images/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1988). ADP Modernization: IRS’ Tax System Redesign Progress and Plans for the Future (No. IMTEC-88-23BR). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moreau, G. A. (2009). Touch and psychotherapy: A journey to the depths of the unconscious and back again (Doctoral dissertation). Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker, P. (2017, August 2). President Backs A Plan to Curtail Legal Migration. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bullock 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Bullock 2013; Wiest and Helquist 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wiest and Helquist 2011)
Three or more authors: (Islahudin et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Research in Quality of Life
Abbreviation	Appl. Res. Qual. Life
ISSN (print)	1871-2584
ISSN (online)	1871-2576
Scope	Life-span and Life-course Studies