How to format your references using the Applied Research in Quality of Life citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Research in Quality of Life. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteDownload the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
Kessler, R. (2014). Prevention: Air of danger. Nature, 509(7502), S62-3.
A journal article with 2 authors
Cheng, W., & Li, W. (2014). Structural insights into ubiquinone biosynthesis in membranes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 343(6173), 878–881.
A journal article with 3 authors
Olveczky, B. P., Baccus, S. A., & Meister, M. (2003). Segregation of object and background motion in the retina. Nature, 423(6938), 401–408.
A journal article with 8 or more authors
Katou, Y., Kanoh, Y., Bando, M., Noguchi, H., Tanaka, H., Ashikari, T., et al. (2003). S-phase checkpoint proteins Tof1 and Mrc1 form a stable replication-pausing complex. Nature, 424(6952), 1078–1083.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
Akiba, K.-Y. (2011). Organo Main Group Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An edited book
Ren, S. Y. (Ed.). (2006). Electronic States in Crystals of Finite Size: Quantum Confinement of Bloch Waves (Vol. 212). New York, NY: Springer.
A chapter in an edited book
Rahmandoust, M., & Ayatollahi, M. R. (2016). CNT-Based Nanocomposites. In M. R. Ayatollahi (Ed.), Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Based Composites under Consideration of Defects (pp. 117–175). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Research in Quality of Life.

Blog post
Davis, J. (2015, June 5). Your Blood Type Could Influence Your Chance Of Developing Alzheimer’s. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/blood-type-may-influence-your-chances-developing-alzheimers/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
Government Accountability Office. (2003). Highway Infrastructure: Perceptions of Stakeholders on Approaches to Reduce Highway Project Completion Time (No. GAO-03-398). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
Burns, D. (2017). Measuring the Outcome of At-Risk Students on Biology Standardized Tests When Using Different Instructional Strategies (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
Crow, K. (2000, July 23). At This Park, There’s No Such Thing as a Free Bench. New York Times, p. 147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kessler 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Cheng and Li 2014; Kessler 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

  • Two authors: (Cheng and Li 2014)
  • Three or more authors: (Katou et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal titleApplied Research in Quality of Life
AbbreviationAppl. Res. Qual. Life
ISSN (print)1871-2584
ISSN (online)1871-2576
ScopeLife-span and Life-course Studies

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