How to format your references using the Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bondi, H. (2004). Obituary: Thomas Gold (1920-2004). Nature, 430(6998), 415.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bethell, T., & Bergin, E. (2009). Formation and survival of water vapor in the terrestrial planet-forming region. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5960), 1675–1677.

A journal article with 3 authors

Holland, R. A., Wikelski, M., & Wilcove, D. S. (2006). How and why do insects migrate? Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5788), 794–796.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kinoshita, T., Doi, M., Suetsugu, N., Kagawa, T., Wada, M., & Shimazaki, K. (2001). Phot1 and phot2 mediate blue light regulation of stomatal opening. Nature, 414(6864), 656–660.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sedlacek, H. H., Sapienza, A. M., & Eid, V. (2008). Ways to Successful Strategies in Drug Research and Development. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.

An edited book

Kalaja, P. (2015). Beliefs, Agency and Identity in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. (A. M. F. Barcelos, M. Aro, & M. Ruohotie-Lyhty, Eds.). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Steigerwald, J. (2015). The Ethos of Critique in German Idealism. In F. Padovani, A. Richardson, & J. Y. Tsou (Eds.), Objectivity in Science: New Perspectives from Science and Technology Studies (pp. 79–99). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, October 26). Most of Africa May Lose Half Their Lions in 20 Years. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/africa-may-lose-half-its-wild-lions-2035/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2016). Social Security Administration: Effective Planning and Management Practices Are Key to Overcoming IT Modernization Challenges (No. GAO-16-815T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mier, L. M. (2012). Monitoring Electron Transfer Reactions using Ultrafast UV-Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S. (2000, June 19). On Way to Rout, Liberty Wins at the Free-Throw Line. New York Times, p. D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bondi 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Bethell and Bergin 2009; Bondi 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bethell and Bergin 2009)
Three or more authors: (Kinoshita et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
Abbreviation	Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback
ISSN (print)	1090-0586
ISSN (online)	1573-3270
Scope	Applied Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology