How to format your references using the Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tsapatsis, M. 2011. Materials science. Toward high-throughput zeolite membranes. Science 334(6057): 767–768.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rikken, G.L., and Raupach, E. 2000. Enantioselective magnetochiral photochemistry. Nature 405(6789): 932–935.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lambert, J.B., Gurusamy-Thangavelu, S.A., and Ma, K. 2010. The silicate-mediated formose reaction: bottom-up synthesis of sugar silicates. Science 327(5968): 984–986.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dolezal, P., Likic, V., Tachezy, J., and Lithgow, T. 2006. Evolution of the molecular machines for protein import into mitochondria. Science 313(5785): 314–318.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Williams, P. 2015. Managing Measurement Risk in Building and Civil Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Sivaperuman, C., Baqri, Q.H., Ramaswamy, G., and Naseema, M. (Editors). 2009. Faunal Ecology and Conservation of the Great Indian Desert. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee, J., Cho, H., and Kim, Y.S. 2015. Agile Supply Chain Decision Support System. In Reshaping Society through Analytics, Collaboration, and Decision Support: Role of Business Intelligence and Social Media. Edited by L.S. Iyer and D.J. Power. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 29–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.

Blog post

Hale, T. 2017, March 7. This Robot Is Controlled Through Human Brain Waves. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-robot-is-controlled-through-human-brain-waves/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Observations on H.R. 3774, “The Aging Aircraft Safety Act of 1989.” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Obidos, C. 2015. Attitudes toward and knowledge of advance directives: A quantitative study. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M.J.O. 2014, October 31. ‘John D. Ducks for Apples.’ New York Times: C30.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tsapatsis 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Rikken and Raupach 2000; Tsapatsis 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rikken and Raupach 2000)
Three or more authors: (Dolezal et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Abbreviation	Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.
ISSN (print)	1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
Scope	Physiology General Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Physiology (medical) Nutrition and Dietetics

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