How to format your references using the Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gascoigne, N.R.J. 2014. Immunology: Tolerance lies in the timing. Nature 515(7528): 502–503.

A journal article with 2 authors

Buss, J.A., and Agapie, T. 2016. Four-electron deoxygenative reductive coupling of carbon monoxide at a single metal site. Nature 529(7584): 72–75.

A journal article with 3 authors

Appelbaum, I., Huang, B., and Monsma, D.J. 2007. Electronic measurement and control of spin transport in silicon. Nature 447(7142): 295–298.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dagastine, R.R., Manica, R., Carnie, S.L., Chan, D.Y.C., Stevens, G.W., and Grieser, F. 2006. Dynamic forces between two deformable oil droplets in water. Science 313(5784): 210–213.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stenzel, J. 2010. CIO Best Practices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Coscas, G. 2009. Optical Coherence Tomography in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: OCT in AMD. Edited ByF. Coscas, S. Vismara, A. Zourdani, and C.I.L. Calzi. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Landau, I.D., Lozano, R., M’Saad, M., and Karimi, A. 2011. Recursive Plant Model Identification in Open Loop. In Adaptive Control: Algorithms, Analysis and Applications. Edited by R. Lozano, M. M’Saad, and A. Karimi. Springer, London. pp. 153–191.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014, November 17. Seals Caught Having Sex With Penguins. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/seals-caught-having-sex-penguins/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2015. Highlights of a Forum: Financial Literacy: The Role of the Workplace. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bonilla, E. 2017. Parental Employment Status and Child Feeding Practices Among African American and Latina Adolescent Girls. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), S.K. 2004, December 14. World Briefing | Europe: Estonia: Vodka Pipeline. New York Times: A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gascoigne 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Gascoigne 2014; Buss and Agapie 2016).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Buss and Agapie 2016)
Three or more authors: (Dagastine et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Abbreviation	Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.
ISSN (print)	1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
Scope	Physiology General Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Physiology (medical) Nutrition and Dietetics