How to format your references using the Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kaplan, W.D. 2015. MATERIALS SCIENCE. The mechanism of crystal deformation. Science 349(6252): 1059–1060.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chambers, J.Q., and Roberts, D.A. 2014. Ecology: drought in the congo basin. Nature 509(7498): 36–37.

A journal article with 3 authors

Casanueva, M.O., Burga, A., and Lehner, B. 2012. Fitness trade-offs and environmentally induced mutation buffering in isogenic C. elegans. Science 335(6064): 82–85.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chang, H.-K., King, S.-K., Liang, J.-S., Wu, P.-S., Lin, L.C.-C., and Chiu, J.-L. 2006. Occultation of X-rays from Scorpius X-1 by small trans-neptunian objects. Nature 442(7103): 660–663.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Budisa, N. 2005. Engineering the Genetic Code. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

San-Julian, M. (Editor). 2016. Cañadell’s Pediatric Bone Sarcomas: Epiphysiolysis before Excision. In 2nd ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Majumdar, P. 2015. Neutrosophic Sets and Its Applications to Decision Making. In Computational Intelligence for Big Data Analysis: Frontier Advances and Applications. Edited by D.P. Acharjya, S. Dehuri, and S. Sanyal. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 97–115.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014, September 29. Do Periods Really Make Women Moody? IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/do-periods-really-make-women-moody/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Pell Grants: How the Department of Education Estimates Program Costs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Weissflug, K.G. 2009. Effects of Positive Behavior Support Programs on Student Behaviors. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yablonsky, L. 2011, September 18. Logos à Go-Go. New York Times: ST3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kaplan 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Chambers and Roberts 2014; Kaplan 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chambers and Roberts 2014)
Three or more authors: (Chang et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Abbreviation	Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.
ISSN (print)	1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
Scope	Physiology General Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Physiology (medical) Nutrition and Dietetics