How to format your references using the Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Coles, P. 2005. The state of the Universe. Nature 433(7023): 248–256.

A journal article with 2 authors

Soldner, F., and Jaenisch, R. 2012. Medicine. iPSC disease modeling. Science 338(6111): 1155–1156.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vlemmings, W.H.T., Diamond, P.J., and Imai, H. 2006. A magnetically collimated jet from an evolved star. Nature 440(7080): 58–60.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bull, I.D., Parekh, N.R., Hall, G.H., Ineson, P., and Evershed, R.P. 2000. Detection and classification of atmospheric methane oxidizing bacteria in soil. Nature 405(6783): 175–178.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tiwari, A., Gerhardt, R.A., and Szutkowska, M. 2016. Advanced Ceramic Materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Kunisch, K., Sprekels, J., Leugering, G., and Tröltzsch, F. (Editors). 2009. Optimal Control of Coupled Systems of Partial Differential Equations. Birkhäuser, Basel.

A chapter in an edited book

Mohanty, M.S., and Rishabh, K. 2016. Financial Intermediation and Monetary Policy Transmission in EMEs: What has Changed Since the 2008 Crisis? In Monetary Policy in India: A Modern Macroeconomic Perspective. Edited by C. Ghate and K.M. Kletzer. Springer India, New Delhi. pp. 111–150.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.

Blog post

Fang, J. 2015, July 23. What’s Happening To The Flowers At Fukushima? IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/deformed-daisies-spotted-near-fukushima/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1988. ADP Management Controls: Farmers Home Administration Can Improve Reporting of Weaknesses. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nunn, T.N. 2014. A Puer–Senex Archetypal Model of the Therapeutic Relationship. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, Carpinteria, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus, S. 2015, April 5. Refusing My Religion. New York Times: BR10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Coles 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Coles 2005; Soldner and Jaenisch 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Soldner and Jaenisch 2012)
Three or more authors: (Bull et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Abbreviation	Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.
ISSN (print)	1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
Scope	Physiology General Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Physiology (medical) Nutrition and Dietetics