How to format your references using the Applied Petrochemical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Petrochemical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bilbe G (2015) Infectious diseases. Overcoming neglect of kinetoplastid diseases. Science 348:974–976

A journal article with 2 authors

Miller JR, Simon P (2008) Materials science. Electrochemical capacitors for energy management. Science 321:651–652

A journal article with 3 authors

Melcák I, Hoelz A, Blobel G (2007) Structure of Nup58/45 suggests flexible nuclear pore diameter by intermolecular sliding. Science 315:1729–1732

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhu Y, Wang F, Liu L, et al (2013) Cheap glass fiber mats as a matrix of gel polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. Sci Rep 3:3187

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kitai A (2011) Principles of Solar Cells, LEDs and Diodes: The role of the PN junction. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Sobh T (2008) Advances in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Scher CS, Chui I, Miller SM (2014) General Principles of Intraoperative Management of the Severe Blunt or Polytrauma Patient: The Resuscitative Phase. In: Scher CS (ed) Anesthesia for Trauma: New Evidence and New Challenges. Springer, New York, NY, pp 81–105

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Petrochemical Research.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Overthinking Could Be Driving Creativity In People With Neurotic Disorders. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/overthinking-could-be-driving-creativity-people-neurotic-disorders/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Traffic Safety Programs: Progress, States’ Challenges, and Issues for Reauthorization. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Safarian Bahri P (2017) Erosion Rate Prediction Model for Levee-Floodwall Overtopping Applications in Fine-Grained Soils. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD (2017) President Issues Terms of a Deal Over ‘Dreamers.’ New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Petrochemical Research
Abbreviation	Appl. Petrochem. Res.
ISSN (print)	2190-5525
ISSN (online)	2190-5533
Scope	Energy Engineering and Power Technology