How to format your references using the Applied Ocean Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Ocean Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

I. Stewart I., Mathematics. The Lorenz attractor exists, Nature 406 (2000) 948–949.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Einum, I.A. Fleming, Highly fecund mothers sacrifice offspring survival to maximize fitness, Nature 405 (2000) 565–567.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

T. Izumikawa, B. Sato, H. Kitagawa, Chondroitin sulfate is indispensable for pluripotency and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 3701.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

H.Q. Yuan, F.M. Grosche, M. Deppe, C. Geibel, G. Sparn, F. Steglich, Observation of two distinct superconducting phases in CeCu2Si2, Science 302 (2003) 2104–2107.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.R. Petrucelli, Detecting Fraud in Organizations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

N. Bansal, I. Finocchi, eds., Algorithms - ESA 2015: 23rd Annual European Symposium, Patras, Greece, September 14-16, 2015, Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J. Schnittker, Social Structure and Personality, in: J. DeLamater, A. Ward (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2013: pp. 89–115.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Ocean Research.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, There’s A Global Ocean Beneath The Surface Of Enceladus, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/physics/cassinis-ocean-rg-editing/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Radioactive Sources: Opportunities Exist for Federal Agencies to Strengthen Transportation Security, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.E. Pyzdrowski, Experiences of Advisors/Mentors in Developing Leadership Emergence in a Post Conflict, Marginalized Society: A Phenomenological Study, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Poniewozik, In the Better of Two Hereafters, but Still Crabby About It, New York Times (2016) C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Ocean Research
Abbreviation	Appl. Ocean Res.
ISSN (print)	0141-1187
Scope	Ocean Engineering