How to format your references using the Applied Network Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Network Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Peik E (2005) Physics. Logical spectroscopy. Science 309:710–711

A journal article with 2 authors

Falkowski PG, Isozaki Y (2008) Geology. The story of O2. Science 322:540–542

A journal article with 3 authors

Turner WR, Oppenheimer M, Wilcove DS (2009) A force to fight global warming. Nature 462:278–279

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Schneider CM, Yazdani N, Araújo NAM, et al (2013) Towards designing robust coupled networks. Sci Rep 3:1969

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barker RM, Puckett JA (2013) Design of Highway Bridges. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Santos JE (2016) Numerical Simulation in Applied Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Dao TH (2011) Extracellular Enzymes in Sensing Environmental Nutrients and Ecosystem Changes: Ligand Mediation in Organic Phosphorus Cycling. In: Shukla G, Varma A (eds) Soil Enzymology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 75–102

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Network Science.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Organic Almonds Recalled From Whole Foods For Containing High Levels Of Cyanide. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/almonds-prove-bitter-organic-purists/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Information Technology: Demand for the Social Security Administration’s Electronic Data Exchanges Is Growing and Presents Future Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ren H (2014) Modification and Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Carbons for Resorcinol Removal. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wines M, Kovaleski SF (2014) Marathon Bombing Suspect Waits in Isolation. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Peik 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Peik 2005; Falkowski and Isozaki 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Falkowski and Isozaki 2008)
Three or more authors: (Schneider et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Network Science
Abbreviation	Appl. Netw. Sci.
ISSN (online)	2364-8228
Scope