How to format your references using the Applied Informatics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Informatics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Havlin S (2009) Epidemiology. Phone infections. Science 324:1023–1024

A journal article with 2 authors

Pimm SL, Brown JH (2004) Ecology. Domains of diversity. Science 304:831–833

A journal article with 3 authors

Paul JW, West JP, Gitler AD (2014) Cell Biology. Clogging information flow in ALS. Science 345:1118–1119

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Pravec P, Vokrouhlický D, Polishook D, et al (2010) Formation of asteroid pairs by rotational fission. Nature 466:1085–1088

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

DiMarzio JF (2016) Beginning Android® Programming with Android Studio. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

An edited book

Vachoux A (ed) (2006) Applications of Specification and Design Languages for SoCs: Selected papers from FDL 2005. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Swamee PK, Chahar BR (2015) General Principles of Canal Design. In: Chahar BR (ed) Design of Canals. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 59–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Informatics.

Blog post

Hale T (2017) AI Can Predict How Much Longer You Have Left To Live. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Highway Safety: Monitoring Practices To Show Compliance With Speed Limits Should Be Reexamined. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ahlert D (2015) Application of Graph Theoretic Clustering on Some Biomedical Data Sets. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus S (2013) How To Get a Job With a Philosophy Degree. New York Times MM40

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Havlin 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Pimm and Brown 2004; Havlin 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pimm and Brown 2004)
Three or more authors: (Pravec et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Informatics
Abbreviation	Appl. Inform. (Berl)
ISSN (online)	2196-0089
Scope